Frequency of isolation of opportunistic and saprophytic fungi from hop cones when inoculated with Podosphaera macularis in varying developmental stagesa.

a Cones were inoculated with a suspension of 105P. macularis conidia per ml on the dates indicated. Isolations from cones were made at harvest (16 August 2011 and 26 August 2012) onto half-strength potato dextrose agar. Isolation frequency was determined from 5 sections of necrotic tissue collected from 5 cones collected arbitrarily from each replicate plot (25 cone pieces per replication). Within a year, means within a column followed by different letters are significantly different based upon a mixed model analysis with an F-protected least significant difference (α = 0.05).b Cone developmental stages as described in Kavalier et al. [15]. Stage I is bloom and cones mature progressively in later stages.Frequency of isolation of opportunistic and saprophytic fungi from hop cones when inoculated with Podosphaera macularis in varying developmental stagesa.