THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE IDEA OF AN IDEAL SOCIETY FROM UTOPIAN MODELS TO POLITICAL THEORIES

This study is devoted to analyzing the historical evolution of the idea of an ideal society within the context of its transformation from utopian representations to the level of political theories. The research demonstrates that conceptions of an ideal society initially emerged in the form of utopian literature and later developed into more complex theoretical constructions alongside the advancement of political philosophy and social theory. While utopian models expressed humanity’s aspirations for a perfect society, they were often formed independently of real social processes. In modern political thought, however, the concept of an ideal society has been reinterpreted in connection with social contract theory, civil liberties, justice, and the theory of political institutions. The findings indicate that the idea of an ideal society functions not merely as a utopian ideal but as a theoretical model aimed at improving society, playing a significant role in the evolution of political thought.