欧洲中心基于多气压层的ERA-Interim月平均数据集（1979-2018年）

本数据集来源于欧洲中期天气预报中心（ECMWF）所发布的基于4维变分（4D-Var）的全球大气再分析数据集ERA-Interim。
ERA-Interim是欧洲中期天气预报中心（ECMWF）的一项主要任务，旨在通过改进的大气模型和同化系统来进行再分析，以取代ERA-40中使用的模型和同化系统，尤其在数据丰富的1990年代和2000年代下，并将继续作为ECMWF气候数据同化系统（ECDAS），直到被新的系统所取代。
自1997年起，由于计算力的系统性提升，使得4维变分同化（4D-Var）逐步可行并成为了ECMWF同化系统的一部分，这为ERA-Interim基于4D-Var打下了基础。计算力的加强还将水平分辨率从T159提升到了T255，且可以开始应用最新的集成预测系统（IFS CY31r1和CY31r2）和经过改进的物理参数化方案。
在垂直层上，ERA-interim与ERA-40一样又60层，最高层为0.1 hPa。此外，ERA-Interim的数据同化效果的提高还得益于质量控制，该质量控制借鉴了ERA-40和JRA-25的经验，卫星辐射数据的偏差校正以及通过改进的快速辐射传输模型更广泛地使用辐射。
在数据上，ERA-Interim使用了新的ERS（欧洲遥感卫星）高度波高度，EUMETSAT（欧洲气象卫星开发组织）重新处理的风和晴空辐射，来自卢瑟福·阿普尔顿实验室的GOME（全球臭氧监测实验）臭氧数据以及CHAMP（具有挑战性的微型卫星有效载荷），GRACE（重力恢复和气候实验）和COSMIC（气象，电离层和气候星座观测系统）由UCAR（大学大气研究公司）处理和存档的GPS无线电掩星测量。

This dataset is derived from the global atmospheric reanalysis dataset ERA-Interim based on 4-dimensional variational (4D-Var) released by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF).

ERA-Interim is a major initiative of ECMWF, which aims to perform reanalysis with improved atmospheric models and assimilation systems to replace those used in ERA-40, particularly during the data-abundant 1990s and 2000s. It will continue to act as the ECMWF Climate Data Assimilation System (ECDAS) until it is superseded by a new system.

Since 1997, the systematic improvement of computing power has gradually made 4-dimensional variational assimilation (4D-Var) technically feasible and integrated into ECMWF's assimilation system, laying a solid foundation for ERA-Interim to adopt 4D-Var. The enhanced computing capacity also elevated the horizontal resolution from T159 to T255, enabling the application of the latest Integrated Forecasting System (IFS CY31r1 and CY31r2) and refined physical parameterization schemes.

In terms of vertical layers, ERA-Interim, like ERA-40, consists of 60 layers, with the topmost layer reaching 0.1 hPa. Furthermore, the improved data assimilation effectiveness of ERA-Interim benefits from quality control practices drawing on the experiences of ERA-40 and JRA-25, bias correction for satellite radiance data, and more widespread utilization of radiance via an upgraded rapid radiative transfer model.

Regarding the data used, ERA-Interim adopts new ERS (European Remote-Sensing Satellite) altimeter wave heights, EUMETSAT (European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites) reprocessed winds and clear-sky radiance, GOME (Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment) ozone data from the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, as well as GPS radio occultation measurements processed and archived by UCAR (University Corporation for Atmospheric Research) from CHAMP (Challenging Minisatellite Payload), GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) and COSMIC (Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate).

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集是欧洲中期天气预报中心（ECMWF）发布的ERA-Interim全球大气再分析数据的月平均版本，时间跨度为1979年至2018年，基于多气压层。数据集采用4D-Var同化系统和改进的物理模型，提供高空间分辨率（10km-100km）的网格数据，覆盖全球范围，适用于大气压力、温度和湿度等气候变量分析。