Summary table of studies reporting carriage of <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>.

ALRI, acute lower respiratory infection; ARI, acute respiratory infection; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; IPD, invasive pneumococcal disease; LRTI, lower respiratory tract infection; NR, not reported. aCarriage rate is from the control group. bOverall carriage rate. Children, mothers, fathers, and siblings combined. cAge- and population-weighted carriage rate, adjusted for design effect.