Differences in soil properties between narrower and wider positions of washes.

Soil properties include texture (i.e. sand, silt and clay) (%), the percentage of gravel content (%), soil bulk density (kg·m-3), soil organic carbon (g·kg-1), pH, soil electric conductivity (dS·m-1) and soil water content (%). F, T, and P-value are the statistical results of the independent sample t-test. Different letters in the horizontal direction with related variables indicate the significant differences in soil properties between narrower and wider positions of washes, whereas the same letters show the insignificant difference. Values are represented as Mean ± SD.