Goddard Satellite-Based Surface Turbulent Fluxes, 1x1 deg Monthly Climatology, Set1 and NCEP V2c (GSSTFMC) at GES DISC

These data are the Goddard Satellite-based Surface Turbulent Fluxes Version-2c Dataset recently produced through a MEaSURES funded project led by Dr. Chung-Lin Shie (UMBC/GEST, NASA/GSFC), converted to HDF-EOS5 format. The stewardship of this HDF-EOS5 dataset is part of the MEaSUREs project.

GSSTF version 2b (Shie et al. 2010, Shie et al. 2009) generally agreed better with available ship measurements obtained from several field experiments in 1999 than GSSTF2 (Chou et al. 2003) did in all three flux components, i.e., latent heat flux [LHF], sensible heat flux [SHF], and wind stress [WST] (Shie 2010a,b). GSSTF2b was also found favorable, particularly for LHF and SHF, in an intercomparison study that accessed eleven products of ocean surface turbulent fluxes, in which GSSTF2 and GSSTF2b were also included (Brunke et al. 2011). However, a temporal trend appeared in the globally averaged LHF of GSSTF2b, particularly post year 2000. Shie (2010a,b) attributed the LHF trend to the trends originally found in the globally averaged SSM/I Tb's, i.e., Tb(19v), Tb(19h), Tb(22v) and Tb(37v), which were used to retrieve the GSSTF2b bottom-layer (the lowest atmospheric 500 meter layer) precipitable water [WB], then the surface specific humidity [Qa], and subsequently LHF. The SSM/I Tb's trends were recently found mainly due to the variations/trends of Earth incidence angle (EIA) in the SSM/I satellites (Hilburn and Shie 2011a,b). They have further developed an algorithm properly resolving the EIA problem and successfully reproducing the corrected Tb's by genuinely removing the "artifactitious" trends. An upgraded production of GSSTF2c (Shie et al. 2011) using the corrected Tb's has been completed very recently.

GSSTF2c shows a significant improvement in the resultant WB, and subsequently the retrieved LHF - the temporal trends of WB and LHF are greatly reduced after the proper adjustments/treatments in the SSM/I Tb's (Shie and Hilburn 2011). In closing, we believe that the insightful "Rice Cooker Theory" by Shie (2010a,b), i.e., "To produce a good and trustworthy 'output product' (delicious 'cooked rice') depends not only on a well-functioned 'model/algorithm' ('rice cooker'), but also on a genuine and reliable 'input data' ('raw rice') with good quality" should help us better comprehend the impact of the improved Tb on the subsequently retrieved LHF of GSSTF2c.

This is the Monthly Climatology product; data are projected to equidistant Grid that covers the globe at 1x1 degree cell size, resulting in data arrays of 360x180 size. Starting with Version 2c, there is only one set of Combined data, "Set1". The Monthly Climatology HDF-EOS5 file also contains one extra grid of NCEP Climatology, "NCEP". A finer resolution, 0.25 deg, of this product has been released as Version 3.

The monthly temporal and one-degree spatial resolution of the product can be used to examining climate variability at these scales. Oceanic evaporation contributes to the net fresh water input to the oceans and drives the upper ocean density structure and consequently the circulation of the oceans.

The short name for this product is GSSTFMC.

本数据集为近期由美国马里兰大学巴尔的摩分校（UMBC）/地理与海洋科学系（GEST）以及美国国家航空航天局（NASA）/戈达德太空飞行中心（GSFC）的钟林·许博士领衔，经MEaSUREs项目资助的研究成果——基于戈达德卫星的表面湍流通量版本2c数据集。该数据集已转换为HDF-EOS5格式，其管理权亦属于MEaSUREs项目。版本2b的GSSTF（Shie等，2010，Shie等，2009）在三个通量成分——即潜热通量（LHF）、感热通量（SHF）和风应力（WST）方面，与1999年多场实地实验获取的船舶测量值相比，普遍更为吻合，优于GSSTF2（Chou等，2003）。在涉及评估包括GSSTF2和GSSTF2b在内的十一种海洋表面湍流通量产品的对比研究中，GSSTF2b亦显示出对LHF和SHF的偏好（Brunke等，2011）。然而，GSSTF2b的全局平均LHF呈现出时间趋势，尤其在2000年之后。Shie（2010a，b）将LHF趋势归因于最初在全局平均的SSM/I Tb（即Tb(19v)，Tb(19h)，Tb(22v)和Tb(37v)）中发现的趋势，这些Tb用于检索GSSTF2b底层（最低500米大气层）的降水量（WB），然后是表面比湿（Qa），最后是LHF。SSM/I Tb的趋势最近被发现主要由于SSM/I卫星中地球入射角（EIA）的变化/趋势（Hilburn和Shie，2011a，b）。他们进一步开发了一种算法，恰当地解决了EIA问题，并通过真正去除“人为”趋势成功重现了校正后的Tb。最近，使用校正后的Tb升级生产的GSSTF2c（Shie等，2011）已完成。GSSTF2c在计算出的WB方面显示出显著改进，进而检索到的LHF——WB和LHF的时间趋势在SSM/I Tb的适当调整/处理之后大幅减少（Shie和Hilburn，2011）。在结论部分，我们认为Shie（2010a，b）提出的具有洞察力的“电饭煲理论”，即“要生产出优质且值得信赖的‘输出产品’（美味的‘煮熟的大米’），不仅取决于一个运作良好的‘模型/算法’（‘电饭煲’），而且还取决于真实可靠且质量上乘的‘输入数据’（‘生米’）”，将有助于我们更好地理解改进的Tb对随后检索到的GSSTF2c LHF的影响。该产品为月度气候学产品；数据投影至等距网格，覆盖全球，以1x1度单元格大小呈现，从而形成360x180大小的数据数组。从版本2c开始，仅有一组综合数据“Set1”。月度气候学HDF-EOS5文件还包含一个额外的NCEP气候网格，“NCEP”。该产品的更高分辨率版本，0.25度，已作为版本3发布。该产品的月度时间和一度的空间分辨率可用于研究这些尺度的气候变率。海洋蒸发对海洋净淡水输入的贡献，推动上层海洋密度结构，从而影响海洋环流。该产品的简称是GSSTFMC。