Data for: Linking spectral response, topography and vegetation structure to identify and conserve bottom-valley meadows (lameiros)

Data supporting the article “Linking spectral response, topography and vegetation structure to identify and conserve bottom-valley meadows (lameiros)”, submitted to Land (MDPI). The dataset covers two paired transboundary headwater basins in the Montesinho Natural Park (B.08, 1453.9 ha, and B.13, 1723.1 ha; NE Portugal / NW Spain) and the 99 lameiros mapped in them. It contains the Sentinel-2A Level-2A bands of 19 May 2020 and the five spectral indices derived from them (NDVI, EVI, NDMI, SAVI, NDRE); a 5 m LiDAR digital terrain model and the Topographic Position Index computed from it, whose terciles define valley bottoms, hillslopes and headwaters; the lameiro, basin and land-cover polygons; the vegetation height and tree-cover fraction rasters derived from two airborne LiDAR surveys (DGT, Portugal, May 2024; PNOA-IGN, Spain, July 2025), together with the 70 point-cloud tiles they came from; the Python scripts of the analysis; and 26 tables holding every value reported in the article, also provided as a single Excel workbook. See README.md for the contents, the coordinate reference systems, the attribute definitions and how to run the scripts.