Geochemical data set of typical rare earth deposits in China (2017-2021)

The data set mainly includes typical rare earth deposits in China, such as Maoniuping and Lizhuang rare earth deposits in Mianning, Western Sichuan, and Gansha OBO rare earth deposits in Gansu Province. These rare earth deposits are genetically related to carbonate alkaline rock complex. In situ U-Pb dating, whole rock major and trace elements, Sr nd Pb radioisotopes, C-O-B-Ca stable isotopes and mineral in situ major and trace elements contents of rocks or ores in these complexes were analyzed. The major elements were measured by X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF), the trace elements were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and the isotopes were mainly measured by mc-icp-ms. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) it is revealed that the magma source area of alkaline carbonate type REE deposit experienced the addition of strong subduction material, and its formation depth may be deeper than previously thought（2) It is revealed that the aegirization may be related to carbonatite and alkaline magmatism, and there may be differences in the aegirization between the two types of magma（3) The later reformation of the rare earth deposits with younger age may be relatively weak, while the rare earth deposits with older age are easy to be influenced by the later geological process and difficult to distinguish.

本数据集主要涵盖了我国典型的稀土矿床，例如位于四川省西部绵阳市的玛瑙坪稀土矿床、丽江稀土矿床，以及甘肃省的甘沙OBO稀土矿床。这些稀土矿床在成因上与碳酸盐碱性岩复合体密切相关。通过对这些复合体中岩石或矿石进行原地U-Pb年代测定、全岩主量及微量元素、Sr和Pb放射性同位素、C-O-B-Ca稳定同位素以及矿物原地主量及微量元素含量的分析，主要元素通过X射线荧光光谱仪（XRF）进行测量，微量元素通过电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（ICP-MS）进行测量，同位素主要通过mc-icp-ms进行测量。主要结论如下：（1）碱性碳酸盐型稀土矿床的岩浆源区经历了强俯冲物质的加入，其形成深度可能比先前所认为的更深；（2）发现埃居化（aegirization）可能与碳酸盐岩和碱性岩浆作用有关，两种类型岩浆的埃居化可能存在差异；（3）较年轻的稀土矿床的后期改造可能相对较弱，而较老的稀土矿床则易受后期地质过程的影响，难以区分。