Suppressor mutant screening lacking growth-essential tRNA modification in bacteria. Suppressor mutant screening lacking growth-essential tRNA modification in bacteria

Post-transcriptional modifications are important for transfer RNAs (tRNAs) to be efficient and accurate in translation on the ribosome. The m1G37 modification on a subset of tRNAs in bacteria are generated by a conserved methyltransferase TrmD and is essential for bacterial growth. Previous studies showed that m1G37 has an important role in preventing translational frameshifting and also that this modification is coupled with aminoacylation of tRNAs for proline. Here we performed suppressor screening to isolate a mutant E. coli cell that lacks TrmD but is viable, and the whole-genome sequencing revealed several mutations on prolyl-tRNA synthetase (ProRS) gene conferring cell viability in the absence of TrmD. Biochemical assays confirmed uncoupling of m1G37 modification and aminoacylation, and cell-based assays uncovered the critical role of m1G37 in supporting Wobble decoding.