UHPLC-MS/MS chemical profiling, preliminary toxicity, <i>in vitro</i> antioxidant potential and antimicrobial activity of <i>Brachyotum naudinii</i> Triana flowers

Chemical compounds of <i>Brachyotum naudinii</i> Triana flowers were analyzed using UHPLC-MS/MS. Anthocyanin dry extract was obtained by accelerated solvent extraction with 70% ethanol acidified with citric acid (pH 3.18) and then spray dried. Preliminary toxicity of anthocyanin extract was evaluated using <i>Artemia salina</i> Leach, while its antioxidant capacity was measured by DPPH^• and ABTS^•+ methods, and reducing capacity was assessed using FRAP assay. Results showed the flowers comprise 39% tannins, 21% flavonol glycosides, 14% organic acids, 11% anthocyanins, 7% coumaric acid derivatives, 4% polar lipids, and 4% disaccharides. Anthocyanin extract exhibited moderate toxicity against <i>Artemia salina</i> (LC₅₀ = 106.9 ± 9.9 µg mL⁻¹) and showed inhibitory effects on DPPH^• and ABTS^•+ radicals, as well as reducing capacity in FRAP assay, though statistically different from Trolox (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). The flowers have demonstrated antimicrobial activity against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and are a source of novel anthocyanin compounds with antioxidant potential.