Modulation of Distinct Gut Microbiota Signatures in Acute and Chronic DSS-Colitis by Bawei Huangqin Enema in Mice

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a common inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with limited current treatments and high recurrence rates. Dysfunction of the intestinal microbiota plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of UC by promoting immune activation and damaging the intestinal barrier. While the importance of the microbiota is recognized, in-depth comparative studies on its dynamics, especially the distinct characteristics of the microbiota between acute UC (AUC) and chronic UC (CUC), are lacking.

This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of Bawei Huangqin Enema (BHE), a traditional Chinese medicine formula hypothesized to possess immunomodulatory and gut microbiota-modulating properties. We conducted the study using DSS-induced AUC and CUC mouse models and investigated BHE's influence on the gut microbiota and intestinal barrier. By elucidating the distinct characteristics of the gut microbiota in AUC and CUC, this study provides novel insights into UC pathogenesis, highlighting their importance for personalized treatment.