Cox’s Bazar Panel Survey, High-Frequency Tracking Survey 2020-2021, Round 1, 2 and 3 - Bangladesh

Abstract
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The Cox’s Bazar Panel Survey (CBPS) was completed in August 2019, through a partnership between the Yale Macmillan Center Program on Refugees, Forced Displacement, and Humanitarian Responses (Yale Macmillan PRFDHR), the Gender & Adolescence: Global Evidence (GAGE) program, the Poverty and Equity Global Practice of the World Bank and the State and Peacebuilding Fund (SPF) administered by the World Bank. It is a representative survey of the post-2017 population of displaced Rohingya and households in host communities in the Cox’s Bazar district in Bangladesh.

The high-frequency phone tracking (HFT) surveys were built to maintain communication with baseline respondents while collecting rapid data on key welfare indicators on labor, basic needs and education. Three rounds of the HFT have been completed between 2020-2021, which have been used to produce welfare updates on the host and Rohingya population residing in Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh, particularly amidst the COVID-19 crisis.

The tracking surveys collected information across three broad welfare dimensions: labor, access to basic needs and education status of school-aged children. Round 1 collected information on labor and access to basic needs only; the module on education was added Round 2 onwards.

Geographic coverage
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Cox's Bazar district and some parts of Bandarban district.

Analysis unit
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Households and individuals

Universe
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a) Rohingya population living in camps and b) host population within Cox's Bazar and Bandarban district.

Kind of data
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Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure
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The CBPS study has a total sample size of 5,020 households (HHs), divided among three strata covering Rohingya refugees in camps and host communities in Cox’s Bazar district and some adjacent regions of Bandarban district. The CBPS HFT attempted to follow the full baseline sample of 5,020 household in each round, with no alterations or additions made to the sampling design. The baseline sampling strategy is detailed below.
The three strata are defined as:
i. Rohingya refugees in camps
ii. High exposure hosts: hosts within 15 km (3-hour walking distance) of camps
iii. Low exposure hosts: hosts at more than 15 km (3-hour walking distance) from camps
(In the datasets, the 'settlement_type' and 'stratum' variables identify the different levels at which the sample is representative)

Defining the camp strata: A two-step data collection on Rohingya refugee prevalence within host communities (i.e., outside of camps) confirmed that prevalence in host communities was low, and that this was the case not only for newer Rohingya displaced, but for the older cohort of displaced, as well. This pattern of refugee prevalence supported having one stratum for the Rohingya displaced living in camps. The sampling strategy for the CBPS therefore focused on generating representative estimates for the camp based Rohingya population in Cox’s Bazar district.

Defining the host strata: For hosts, the sampling strategy was designed to account for the differential implications of a camp-based concentration of close to a million Rohingya displaced for different areas of Cox’s Bazar. To distinguish between host communities that are differentially affected by the arrival of the Rohingya, the CBPS sampling strategy used a threshold of three hours’ walking time from a campsite to define two survey strata: (i) host communities with potentially high exposure (HE) to the displaced Rohingya, and (ii) host communities with potentially low exposure (LE).

Sampling frame: The camp sample uses the Needs and Population Monitoring Round 12 (NPM12) data from the International Organization for Migration as the sampling frame. For the host sample, a combination of the 2011 population census, Admin 4 shapefiles from the Bureau of Statistics and publicly available Google Earth imagery and OpenStreetMaps were used to develop a sampling frame.

Stages of sample selection: For camps, NPM12 divided all camps into 1,954 majhee blocks.1 200 blocks were randomly selected using a probability proportional to the size of the camp. A full listing was carried out in each selected camp block.

For hosts, a two-stage sampling strategy was followed. The first stage of selection was done at the mauza level by strata. A random sample of 66 mauzas was drawn from a frame of 286 mauzas using probability proportional to size. Based on census population size, each mauza was divided into segments of roughly 100-150 households. The second stage selected three segments from each selected mauza with equal probability of selection.

Listing and replacements: Within each selected PSU in camps (blocks) and hosts (mauza-segments), all households (100-150 on average) were listed. Of listed households, 13 households were selected at random for interview, with an additional replacement list of 5 households.
More information on the sampling strategy and process can be found on the published working paper titled “Data Triangulation Strategies to Design a Representative Household Survey of Hosts and Rohingya Displaced in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh”.

Sampling deviation
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While the original sampling strategy was designed to be representative of all camp-based Rohingya displaced, campsites with older Rohingya displaced refused to participate in the listing due to other political sensitivities. This refusal was maintained despite many attempts. Since the older Rohingya displaced were not a separate stratum, a decision was made to drop these households from the survey. Therefore, the attained sample does not contain registered refugees from the two camps – Kutupalong RC and Nayapara RC.

The host sample covers six out of eight upazilas in Cox’s Bazar District (Chakaria, Cox’s Bazar Sadar, Pekua, Ramu, Teknaf, and Ukhia upazilas) and one upazila in Bandarban District (Naikhongchhori upazila). The two upazilas not covered within the sample are the islands of Kutubdia and Maheshkhali.

Mode of data collection
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Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]

Research instrument
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The R1 tracking questionnaire was developed as a lean version of the questionnaire implemented during the CBPS baseline. The R2 and R3 questionnaires retained certain aspects of the R1 questionnaire, but also added more detailed questions on aspects such as food security (in consultation with UN-WFP) and credit-seeking and coping behavior based on findings observed in previous rounds and dynamic research needs within the COVID-19 crisis.

One questionnaire was developed per round of data collection with modules containing household level questions on access to basic needs, credit-seeking behavior, access to health services, vaccinations and individual level questions on labor market status. Any adult, knowledgeable member of the confirmed sample household were eligible to answer the household modules. The labor module was only permitted if the respondent reached was any one of the 2-3 selected adults within the household who had completed the baseline adult questionnaires.

Questionnaires were developed in English and translated into Bengali. The translations to Bengali were thoroughly reviewed by the World Bank team’s local consultants to ensure quality. Pretesting and piloting were done using the Bengali questionnaires.

All questionnaires and modules in English are provided as external resources.

Cleaning operations
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Data was collected through computer-assisted telephone interviews via SurveyCTO, an ODK-based platform. Maintenance of correct questionnaire flow was ensured through in-built skips and logic checks within the programmed questionnaire.

No manual data corrections were made on submitted interviews by the data processing team. Interviews flagged as needing field corrections due to mistaken entries were re-submitted by enumerators upon strict evaluation by the project team upon close review of the concerns raised and filtered by the program automatically before closing of data collection in each round.

In addition to logic checks within the survey program itself, extensive data consistency checks and quality indicators were developed by the WB team to monitor data quality during survey implementation. Field debriefs were held frequently during the piloting phase and first week of data collection, and once a week in latter weeks to provide feedback to enumerators and gain clarity on data quality concerns.

Post data collection, structural and consistency checks have been conducted on each round dataset and in-between datasets from different rounds.

Response rate
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The response rates at household level for each round of the CBPS HFT, based on the baseline sample of 5,020 and disaggregated at stratum-level are:
Round 1: Overall - 67%; Camps - 54%; High exposure: 71%; Low exposure: 72%
Round 2: Overall - 72%; Camps - 63%; High exposure: 81%; Low exposure: 80%
Round 3: Overall - 68%; Camps - 55%; High exposure: 81%; Low exposure: 80%

*Note that the Round 1 tracking exercise was a joint-effort between the Yale Y-Rise team and the WB team. The Yale team contacted and surveyed a randomly selected 25% of baseline households, while the WB team completed the remaining 75%. The Round 1 dataset contains data on this segment of the sample only as the welfare surveys implemented by the teams were different.

摘要
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科克斯巴扎尔调查小组（CBPS）于2019年8月完成，由耶鲁麦克米伦中心难民、强迫驱逐和人道主义反应项目（Yale Macmillan PRFDHR）、性别与青少年：全球证据（GAGE）项目、世界银行贫困与公平全球实践以及世界银行管理的国家和平建设基金（SPF）共同合作完成。该调查是对2017年后科克斯巴扎尔地区孟加拉国的流离失所的罗兴亚人和接待社区的代表性人口调查。

高频电话跟踪调查（HFT）旨在在收集有关劳动、基本需求和教育等关键福利指标方面的快速数据的同时，保持与基线受访者的沟通。2020-2021年完成了三轮HFT，用于生成关于居住在孟加拉国科克斯巴扎尔的接待和罗兴亚人群的福利更新，特别是在COVID-19危机期间。

跟踪调查收集了涵盖三个广泛福利维度的信息：劳动、基本需求的获取和学龄儿童的受教育状况。第一轮只收集了劳动和基本需求的信息；教育模块从第二轮开始添加。

地理覆盖范围
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科克斯巴扎尔地区和班杜兰地区的一部分。

分析单位
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家庭和个人

总体
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a) 居住在难民营的罗兴亚人口，b) 科克斯巴扎尔和班杜兰地区内的接待人口。

数据类型
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样本调查数据 [ssd]

抽样程序
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CBPS研究样本总量为5,020户家庭（HH），分为三个层，覆盖科克斯巴扎尔地区营地内的罗兴亚难民以及班杜兰地区一些相邻地区的接待社区。CBPS HFT试图在每一轮中追踪完整的5,020户家庭基线样本，抽样设计没有进行任何修改或补充。

三个层定义为：
i. 营地内的罗兴亚难民
ii. 高暴露接待者：距离营地15公里（3小时步行距离）内的接待者
iii. 低暴露接待者：距离营地超过15公里（3小时步行距离）的接待者
（在数据集中，“settlement_type”和“stratum”变量标识了样本代表性的不同层次）

定义营地层：通过对难民营内罗兴亚难民普遍性的两步数据收集（即在营地外的主社区），证实了主社区中的普遍性较低，这不仅适用于较新的罗兴亚难民，也适用于较老的一批难民。这种难民普遍性的模式支持为居住在营地内的难民设立一个层。因此，CBPS的抽样策略集中于产生基于科克斯巴扎尔地区营地内罗兴亚人口的代表性估计。

定义接待层：对于接待者，抽样策略旨在考虑营地内近百万罗兴亚难民集中对科克斯巴扎尔地区不同地区差异性的影响。为了区分受罗兴亚难民到来影响不同的接待社区，CBPS的抽样策略使用从营地到营地遗址三小时步行时间为阈值，定义了两个调查层：（i）可能面临高暴露（HE）的接待社区，和（ii）可能面临低暴露（LE）的接待社区。

抽样框架：营地样本使用国际移民组织第12轮需求和人群体监测（NPM12）数据作为抽样框架。对于接待样本，结合了2011年人口普查、统计局的行政4形状文件以及公开可用的Google Earth影像和OpenStreetMaps来开发抽样框架。

样本选择阶段：对于营地，NPM12将所有营地分为1,954个majhee区块。随机选择200个区块，采用与营地规模成比例的概率。在每个选定的营地区块中进行全面清查。

对于接待者，遵循了两阶段抽样策略。第一阶段的选择是在mauza级别按层进行的。从286个mauza中随机抽取66个mauza作为样本，采用与规模成比例的概率。根据人口普查人口规模，每个mauza被分为大约100-150户家庭的部分。第二阶段从每个选定的mauza中选择三个部分，以等概率进行选择。

清单和替换：在每个选定的PSU中（营地区块和接待者mauza部分），对所有家庭（平均100-150户）进行清单登记。在登记的家庭中，随机选择13户家庭进行访谈，并额外准备了一份5户家庭的替换名单。

更多有关抽样策略和过程的信息，请参阅已发布的题为“设计科克斯巴扎尔孟加拉国接待者和罗兴亚难民的代表性家庭调查的数据三角测量策略”的工作论文。

抽样偏差
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尽管原始抽样策略旨在代表所有基于营地的罗兴亚难民，但一些较老的罗兴亚难民营地拒绝参与清单登记，原因是其他政治敏感性。尽管进行了多次尝试，这种拒绝仍然持续存在。由于较老的罗兴亚难民不是一个单独的层，因此决定从调查中删除这些家庭。因此，获得的样本不包括两个营地——库图帕朗RC和纳亚帕拉RC的登记难民。

接待样本涵盖了科克斯巴扎尔地区六个出八个乌帕齐拉（查卡里亚、科克斯巴扎尔萨达尔、佩库亚、拉穆、特克纳夫和乌希亚乌帕齐拉）以及班杜兰地区的一个乌帕齐拉（奈克洪乔里乌帕齐拉）。样本中没有涵盖的两个乌帕齐拉是库图布迪亚岛和马赫什卡拉利岛。

数据收集方式
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计算机辅助个人访谈 [capi]

研究工具
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R1跟踪问卷是CBPS基线期间实施的问卷的精简版本。R2和R3问卷保留了R1问卷的一些方面，但还添加了更多关于食品安全（与联合国世界粮食计划署协商）、基于前几轮发现和COVID-19危机期间的动态研究需求寻求信贷和应对行为的详细问题。

每个数据收集轮次都开发了一份问卷，包含家庭层面的基本需求获取、寻求信贷行为、获取医疗服务、疫苗接种和个体层面的劳动力市场状况等问题模块。任何家庭中确认的样本家庭的知情成年人都有资格回答家庭模块。劳动力模块只有在受访者是家庭中完成基线成人问卷的2-3位选定成年人之一时才允许。

问卷用英语编写，并翻译成孟加拉语。由世界银行团队的当地顾问对孟加拉语的翻译进行了彻底审查，以确保质量。使用孟加拉语问卷进行了预测试和试点。

所有英语问卷和模块都作为外部资源提供。

数据清理操作
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数据通过SurveyCTO平台上的计算机辅助电话访谈收集，SurveyCTO是基于ODK的平台。通过程序问卷中内置的跳过和逻辑检查确保了正确的问卷流程。

数据处理团队没有对提交的访谈进行手动数据校正。标记为需要因误操作而进行现场校正的访谈由调查员在项目团队严格评估后重新提交，评估了提出的担忧，并在每个数据收集轮次关闭前由程序自动过滤。

除了在调查程序本身中进行逻辑检查之外，世界银行团队还开发了广泛的数据一致性检查和质量指标，以在调查实施期间监控数据质量。在试点阶段和数据收集的第一周以及后续每周都举行了现场简报会，以向调查员提供反馈并获得对数据质量问题的清晰认识。

数据收集后，对每个轮次的数据集以及不同轮次之间的数据集进行了结构性和一致性检查。

响应率
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CBPS HFT每轮的家庭层面响应率，基于5,020户基线样本并按层级细分如下：

轮次1：总体 - 67%；营地 - 54%；高暴露： 71%；低暴露：72%
轮次2：总体 - 72%；营地 - 63%；高暴露： 81%；低暴露：80%
轮次3：总体 - 68%；营地 - 55%；高暴露： 81%；低暴露：80%

*请注意，第一轮跟踪活动是耶鲁Y-Rise团队和世界银行团队共同努力的结果。耶鲁团队联系并调查了基线样本的25%，而世界银行团队完成了剩余的75%。第一轮数据集中只包含该样本段的数据，因为两个团队实施的社会福利调查不同。