Linking intercontinental biogeographic events to decipher how European vineyards escaped Pierce's disease

Global change is believed to be a major driver of the emergence of invasive pathogens. Yet, there are few documented examples that illustrate the processes that hinder or trigger their geographic spread. Here, we present phylogenetic, epidemiological and historical evidence to explain how European vineyards escaped Xylella fastidiosa (Xf), the vector-borne bacterium responsible for Pierce’s disease (PD). Using Bayesian temporal reconstruction, we show that the export of American grapevines to France as rootstocks to combat phylloxera (~1872-1895) preceded the spread of the Xf grapevine lineage in the US. We found that the time of the most recent common ancestor in California dates around 1875, which agrees with the emergence of the first PD outbreak and the expansion into the southeastern US around 1895. We also show that between 1870 and 1990, climatic conditions in continental Europe were mostly below the threshold for the development of PD epidemics. However, our model indicates an i..., , , # Linking intercontinental biogeographic events to decipher how European vineyards escaped Pierce's disease

[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.s4mw6m9fz](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.s4mw6m9fz)

Eduardo Moralejo, Àlex Giménez-Romero, Manuel A. Matías

## Description of the data and file structure

Files with data of annotated genomes, multiple sequence alignments, phylogenetic models built with Beauti and Beast output log, ops, and tree files needed to reproduce the phylogenetic analyses

## Phylogenetic analysis

* Assembled and annotated genomes with Prokka
* Core genome alignment using Roary
* Gubbins recombination-masked full-genome length and SNP-only alignments
* Maximum likelihood using IQ-tree
* XML files created with Beauti

### Files and variables

#### File: 1.1\_Prokka.rar

**Description:** Prokka pipeline was used to annotate the assembled and reordered genomes.

Naming convention: nº isolate*country or state. gff.  Isolates names come from different sources and are listed in...