Sex-specific effects of yolk androgen manipulation on growth and morphology in birds.

Body mass: A: data from authors; D: data from Dunning (2008). SDI: sexual dimorphism index. Manipulated hormone: T: testosterone; A4: androstenedione. Effects: + increased trait value; ++ strongly increased trait value;–reduced trait value;––strongly reduced trait value; = trait not affected. Sex-specific effects of yolk androgen manipulation on growth and morphology in birds.