Generalized mixed model for the effects of phylogenetic isolation (PI) and plant origin (PO) on the mean specialization of insect herbivores, for all herbivores, only endophagous assemblages or only exophagous assemblages.

Positive t-values for the plant origin effects suggest a higher mean specialization of the herbivores on native plants, whereas negative values mean a higher suggest specialization on exotic plants. Marginal (R2m) and conditional (R2c) r-squared values are shown. The number of observations for the entire dataset represent 728 plant species, in 30 local assemblages; that for the endophagous assemblages represent 215 plant species in 13 local assemblages, and that for the exophagous assemblages represent 513 plant species in 17 local assemblages.