the experimental verification data for the paper "Apparent Asymmetry in Electromagnetic Interactions: A 'Virtual Wire' Model-Based Concept for Reactionless Propulsion and Preliminary Experimental Observations"

Description of Experimental Data This data constitutes the experimental validation data for the latest version of the paper titled "Apparent Asymmetries in Electromagnetic Interaction: A 'Virtual Wire' Model for Reactionless Propulsion and Preliminary Experimental Observations." The description is as follows: 1. Experimental Setup Configuration: This experiment consists of two setups: the C-shaped coil and the modified U-shaped coil. 1.1 C-shaped Coil Setup Drive Coil: A toroidal coil wound from a center-fed half-wave antenna resonant at 100 MHz. Specifications: wire diameter 2.7 mm, 4 turns, coil radius 5 cm, open ends. The system employs a high-frequency inductive drive method, carrying a high-frequency current with frequency f=100MHz and an effective value Idrive,eff=0.3A. Working Coil: A C-shaped open-circuit coil, with the same diameter as the drive coil, coaxial, and strongly coupled. Specifications: wound with 12,000 turns of 0.1 mm diameter enameled wire; Key feature: each turn has a constant 70° mechanical opening, with all working coil openings aligned. The drive coil and working coil together constitute the working assembly, with a mass of 270 g. 1.2 U-shaped Coil Setup Drive Coil: A toroidal coil wound from a center-fed half-wave antenna resonant at 100 MHz. Specifications: wire diameter 2.7 mm, 2.5 turns, coil radius 11 cm, open ends. The system employs a high-frequency inductive drive method, carrying a high-frequency current with frequency f=100MHz and an effective value Idrive,eff=0.3A. Working Coil: A U-shaped open-circuit coil, coaxial with the drive coil and strongly coupled. Specifications: wound with 6,000 turns of 0.1 mm diameter enameled wire. The drive coil and working coil together constitute the working assembly, with a mass of 650 g. Refer to the Schematic diagram of the coil structure.zip file for the specific coil structure. 2. Mechanical Analysis: Net Force Estimation: The working coil generates a standing wave current through mutual inductance with the drive coil. Theoretical estimation yields a net force per single C-shaped turn of approximately 2.810}^{-8}\ \mathrm{N}. With 12,000 turns, the total net force is on the order of {10}^{-4}\ \mathrm{N}. The direction of the net force is perpendicular to the driven part of the coil (e.g., the base of the C-shaped coil), pointing outward from the coil. 3. Experimental Methods and Control Design: To eliminate interfering factors and verify the intrinsic characteristics of the thrust, the following control experiments were designed: 3.1 Stationary and Fake-Switching Experiment Ensure the pendulum system is in a completely stationary state or a stable swinging state. Record the stationary baseline, then perform fake-switching on and off actions to observe whether displacement occurs. This experiment is used to exclude the possibility of non-electromagnetic factors such as environmental vibration, airflow, and switching actions as sources of displacement (see files C-static control experiments.zip, U-static control experiments.zip). 3.2 Direction Reversal Experiment To verify the correlation between the thrust direction and the coil geometry, the opening of the C-shaped coil was oriented towards four orthogonal directions: east, south, west, and north, corresponding to the compressed files C-E.zip, C-S.zip, C-W.zip, and C-N.zip respectively. The experiment was repeated under identical conditions. According to the theoretical prediction, the thrust direction should be opposite to the opening direction, i.e., when the opening faces east, the thrust faces west. Consistency between the observed displacement direction and this theoretical prediction would demonstrate that the thrust originates from the electromagnetic force imbalance dictated by the coil opening direction. 3.3 Standardized Time Control To facilitate observation and data analysis, all experiments uniformly set the power-on time to 20 seconds after the video starts and the power-off time to 80 seconds after the video starts. This standardization ensures consistency in the time base across different experiments, facilitating data extraction and comparison by subsequent video analysis software. 4. Quantitative Analysis Method: This study employs the Tracker video analysis software for frame-by-frame tracking analysis of the experimental recordings. In each frame, a fixed reference point on the working assembly is marked, and the software automatically outputs the point's position-time coordinate data. By analyzing the displacement curve over time, the following key parameters can be quantitatively extracted: The onset time of displacement and the time to reach stability. The steady-state displacement amplitude. The relationship between the displacement direction and the coil opening direction. The transient response characteristics following power-on and power-off. Each experimental video, after analysis, corresponds to three files (.mp4, .trk, .png). I sincerely welcome criticism and suggestions for improvement from all experts and professors, and I am committed to diligently making the necessary improvements. May 18, 2026