廊坊杨新品种选育、配套栽培技术及产业化体系研究

以抗旱、耐盐碱、抗光肩星天牛、速生、优质、广适为育种目标，用黑杨派、白杨派、青杨派树种、榆树为材料，采用单交、多父本授粉杂交、聚合杂交等方式，配制了753个组合，其中有382个组合获得了实生苗，在盐碱、瘠薄等低产立地条件下，逐步汰劣选优，选出了120个优良单株，获得了62个优良无性系，形成了46个优良品系。通过品比试验、区域试验，最终选出了廊坊杨1、2、3号。这是我国首次培育出的广泛适应不同低产立地条件且高产、优质的黑杨品种，专家鉴定认为“填补了我国黑杨派育种的空白”。三个品种普遍具有抗旱、耐盐碱、耐瘠薄、抗光肩星天牛、适应范围广等特性。其中：廊坊杨1号，速生性强，优质，在低产立地条件下材积生长量是北方速生杨—山海关杨的451.3%、南方型速生杨—鲁克斯杨的150.4%。廊坊杨2号，速生，材质好，木材基本密度为0.419g/cm3，旋皮厚度可达0.25mm，比普通杨木旋皮厚度低0.1mm，可以做贴面板面材。廊坊杨3号，速生，纤维长，达1.2292mm，耐盐碱性强，在0.3%盐碱地上年均胸径生长量可达3.0cm。 针对3个品种的特性，研制出了集嫩枝扦插育苗、硬枝扦插育苗及多种立地条件栽培的综合造林配套技术。编制了廊坊杨育苗技术规程、廊坊杨造林技术规程。 进行了品种延伸性研究，研制出幼龄廊坊杨3号制浆造纸工艺，廊坊杨1、2号板材加工、复合材料加工，林下蚯蚓养殖、食用菌栽培技术，以及3个品种的幼龄廊坊杨生物制浆工艺等，提高了林木种植效益。目前国内外尚无此类系统性的研究。 廊坊杨1、2、3号，1998年通过河北省林木良种审定、2004年通过国家审定、2002年获得国家科技部农业科技成果转化资金支持、2005年获得国家发改委高技术产业化项目资助。2003年幼龄廊坊杨制浆造纸的方法获国家专利。目前，3个廊坊杨品种已推广到全国21个省市区，累计推广面积已达4000万亩，占全国同期杨树栽培面积的9.5%。在河北省廊坊杨的累计推广面积已达430万亩，占全省同期杨树种植面积的16.8%。该项目累计新增社会总产值288.14亿元，新增纯收益169.49亿元。

Aiming at drought tolerance, salt-alkali resistance, resistance to *Anoplophora glabripennis*, fast growth, high quality and wide adaptability as breeding objectives, this study used tree species from Populus sections Aigeiros, Leuce, Tacamahaca and Ulmus spp. as experimental materials. A total of 753 cross combinations were developed via single cross, multi-parent pollination hybridization, aggregate hybridization and other approaches, among which 382 combinations successfully produced seedlings. Under low-yield site conditions such as saline-alkali and barren land, inferior individuals were eliminated and excellent ones were selected step by step, ultimately obtaining 120 excellent individual plants, 62 excellent clones and 46 elite strains. Through variety trials and regional trials, three cultivars, namely Langfang Populus 1, 2 and 3, were finally selected. This is the first time in China that high-yield and high-quality Populus section Aigeiros cultivars with wide adaptability to various low-yield site conditions have been developed, and expert appraisal confirmed that this work "filled the gap in Populus section Aigeiros breeding in China".

All three cultivars share the core characteristics of drought tolerance, salt-alkali resistance, barren tolerance, resistance to *Anoplophora glabripennis* and wide adaptability. Specifically, Langfang Populus 1 features strong fast growth and premium quality: under low-yield site conditions, its volume growth rate is 451.3% of that of Shanhaiguan Populus (a northern fast-growing poplar) and 150.4% of that of Lux Populus (a southern fast-growing poplar). Langfang Populus 2 boasts fast growth and excellent wood properties, with a basic wood density of 0.419 g/cm³ and a veneer thickness of up to 0.25 mm, which is 0.1 mm thinner than that of common poplar wood, making it suitable as face veneer for decorative panels. Langfang Populus 3 exhibits fast growth, long fibers (up to 1.2292 mm) and strong salt-alkali resistance, with an average annual diameter at breast height (DBH) growth of 3.0 cm on saline-alkali land with 0.3% salt content.

Based on the characteristics of the three cultivars, a comprehensive afforestation supporting technology integrating softwood cutting nursery, hardwood cutting nursery and cultivation suitable for various site conditions was developed. Technical regulations for Langfang Populus nursery and afforestation were also compiled.

Extended research on the three cultivars was conducted, including developing pulping and papermaking technology for young Langfang Populus 3, panel processing and composite material processing technology for Langfang Populus 1 and 2, understory earthworm breeding and edible fungus cultivation technology, and biological pulping technology for young trees of all three cultivars, which effectively improved the economic benefits of forest planting. To date, no systematic research of this kind has been reported at home and abroad.

Langfang Populus 1, 2 and 3 were approved as improved forest tree varieties by Hebei Province in 1998 and by the National Forestry and Grassland Administration of China in 2004. They received funding for agricultural science and technology achievement transformation from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China in 2002 and support from the High-tech Industrialization Project of the National Development and Reform Commission in 2005. In 2003, the pulping and papermaking method for young Langfang Populus was granted a national patent.

Currently, the three Langfang Populus cultivars have been popularized across 21 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government in China, with a cumulative popularized area of 40 million mu, accounting for 9.5% of the national poplar cultivation area in the same period. In Hebei Province alone, the cumulative popularized area of Langfang Populus has reached 4.3 million mu, accounting for 16.8% of the province's poplar planting area in the same period. This project has accumulated a total of 28.814 billion yuan in increased social output value and 16.949 billion yuan in added net profit.

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集总结了廊坊杨新品种（1、2、3号）的选育过程，以抗旱、耐盐碱、抗光肩星天牛等为育种目标，通过杂交和选优培育出广泛适应低产立地条件的黑杨品种，填补了国内空白。数据集还涵盖了配套栽培技术（如扦插育苗）和产业化体系研究（如制浆造纸、板材加工），并显示这些品种已通过国家审定，推广到全国21个省市区，累计推广面积4000万亩，新增社会总产值超过288亿元，具有显著的经济和社会效益。