vaginal microbiota transfer in caesarean-born infants

To evaluate the effect of vaginal microbiota transfer (VMT) via newborn exposure to maternal vaginal fluids on C-section infant faecal microbiota, caesarean-delivered babies were randomly given VMT or saline gauze (Con) intervention immediately after delivery in a triple-blind manner. Another 20 vaginal delivery babies were also included as a comparison benchmark. The infant gut microbiota was measured by sequencing the infant faecal 16S rRNA genes at the three, seven, 30 and 42 days postpartum.