海地地震（2010）太子港及毗邻地区受灾遥感分析速报联合国数据集

2010年1月12日21:53:10（UTC）位于加勒比地区伊斯帕尼奥拉岛的海地发生里氏7.0级地震，震中18.457?N,72.533?W，距离海地首都太子港约15公里。由于本次地震震源浅（约10Km）、靠近城市而且该地区房屋建筑抗震能力较差，故造成大量人员伤亡和财产损失。地震发生后，联合国启动对海地展开救灾行动的应急机制。中国科学院自2007-2012年担任联合国信息通讯与发展全球联盟领域优先计划-科学数据在发展中国家共享与应用全球联盟（UNDESAGAID-eSDDC）项目领衔单位。海地地震发生后，项目组成员采取紧急行动，收集和整理了该区域震前震后的的卫星遥感数据，即2010年1月10日quickbird卫星影像数据、2010年1月13日北京－1遥感数据、2010年1月13日和2010年1月16日GeoEye遥感数据多时相等遥感影像，采用人工目视解译方法提取了海地地震后的道路信息、建筑物受损信息、临时避难帐篷信息，并对灾害信息进行了统计分析。数据结果空间分辨率均为一米。数据表明，提取道路总长度为1839.km；房屋倒塌处5568片，房屋倒塌面积1861724.4平方米；临时避难所624个，临时避难所面积691623平方米。本研究结果于1月18日速报联合国灾害管理与应急响应信息办公室（UN-SPIDER）和联合国经社事务部（UNDESA），供联合国在海地地震救灾和灾后重建决策中参考。数据上报后，分别得到联合国灾害管理与应急响应信息办公室（UN-SPIDER）和联合国经社事务部（UNDESA）致谢性电子信件回复。

At 21:53:10 UTC on January 12, 2010, a Richter magnitude 7.0 earthquake struck Haiti on Hispaniola Island in the Caribbean region, with its epicenter at 18.457°N, 72.533°W, approximately 15 km from Port-au-Prince, the capital of Haiti. Due to its shallow focal depth (around 10 km), proximity to urban areas, and poor seismic performance of local buildings, the earthquake caused massive casualties and severe property losses. Shortly after the earthquake, the United Nations activated its emergency response mechanisms for disaster relief operations in Haiti.

The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) served as the leading institution for the United Nations Global Alliance for Information and Communications Technologies and Development Priority Programme – Global Alliance for Sharing and Application of Scientific Data in Developing Countries (UNDESAGAID-eSDDC) project during 2007–2012. Following the earthquake, project members took emergency actions to collect and organize pre- and post-earthquake satellite remote sensing data of the region, including: QuickBird satellite imagery acquired on January 10, 2010; Beijing-1 remote sensing data acquired on January 13, 2010; and multi-temporal GeoEye remote sensing images acquired on January 13 and 16, 2010. Manual visual interpretation was adopted to extract post-earthquake road information, building damage information and temporary shelter tent information, and statistical analysis was performed on the disaster-related data. All datasets have a spatial resolution of 1 meter.

The statistical results indicate that the total length of extracted roads is 1839 km; there are 5568 collapsed building patches, with a total collapsed building area of 1861724.4 square meters; and there are 624 temporary shelters, with a total area of 691623 square meters.

This research result was promptly reported to the United Nations Office for Disaster Management and Emergency Response Information (UN-SPIDER) and the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA) on January 18, to provide reference for the United Nations' decision-making on disaster relief and post-disaster reconstruction in Haiti. After the data submission, both UN-SPIDER and UNDESA sent thank-you email responses respectively.

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集基于2010年海地地震后震前震后的高分辨率卫星遥感影像，通过人工目视解译提取了太子港及毗邻地区的道路、受损房屋和临时避难场所等灾害信息，空间分辨率为1米。数据结果包括道路长度、房屋倒塌面积和避难所数量等具体统计，旨在为联合国救灾和灾后重建决策提供科学支持，体现了遥感技术在应急响应中的应用价值。