Surveillance of WHO Priority Gram Negative Pathogenic Bacteria in Effluents from Two Seafood Processing Facilities in Tema, Ghana, 2021 & 2022: A Descriptive Study

Antimicrobial resistant (AMR) bacteria in effluents from seafood processing facilities can contribute to the spread of AMR in the natural environment. In this study conducted in Tema, Ghana, a total of 38 effluent samples from two seafood processing facilities were collected during 2021 and 2022, as part of a pilot surveillance project to ascertain the bacterial load, bacterial species and their resistance to 15 antibiotics belonging to the WHO AWaRe group of antibiotics. Bacterial load in the effluent samples ranged from 13 -1800 Most Probable Number (MPN)/100 ml. We identified the following bacterial species – <em>E. coli</em> in 31 (82%) samples, <em>K. pneumoniae</em> in 15 (39%) samples, <em>Proteus spp</em>. in 6 (16%) samples, <em>P. aeruginosa</em> in 2 (5%) samples and <em>A. baumannii</em> in 2 (5%) samples. The highest levels of antibiotic resistance (100%) were recorded for ampicillin and cefuroxime among <em>Enterobacteriaceae</em>. WHO priority pathogens <em>E. coli </em>resistant to cefotaxime, ceftazidime and carbapenem and<em> K. pneumoniae </em>resistant to ceftriaxone were found in 5 (13%) effluent samples. These findings highlight the need for enhanced surveillance to identify the source of AMR and multi-drug resistant bacteria and an adoption of best practices to eliminate these bacteria in the ecosystem of the seafood processing facilities.