<b>A</b><b>fterlife effects of invasive wasps nests on ecosystem functioning</b>

We assessed the afterlife effects of subterranean nests built by invasive Vespula social wasps on ecosystem properties. We relocated wasp nests ~16 months after the colonies’ death and collected soil samples from both nest sites and adjacent control areas. In the lab, we analyzed soil nutrient content, microbial biomass, and enzyme activity. Additionally, we conducted a greenhouse experiment to measure the nests’ effect on plant growth, biomass, and tissue quality.