European Social Survey 2012, Round 6 - Albania, Belgium, Bulgaria...and 26 more

Abstract
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The European Social Survey (ESS) is an academically-driven multi-country survey, which has been administered in over 30 countries to date. Its three aims are, firstly - to monitor and interpret changing public attitudes and values within Europe and to investigate how they interact with Europe's changing institutions, secondly - to advance and consolidate improved methods of cross-national survey measurement in Europe and beyond, and thirdly - to develop a series of European social indicators, including attitudinal indicators.

In the sixth round, the survey covers 29 countries and employs the most rigorous methodologies. It is funded via the European Commission's 7th Framework Programme, the European Science Foundation and national funding bodies in each country.

The survey involves strict random probability sampling, a minimum target response rate of 70% and rigorous translation protocols. The hour-long face-to-face interview includes questions on a variety of core topics repeated from previous rounds of the survey and also two modules developed for Round Six covering Europeans' Understandings and Evaluations of Democracy and Personal and Social Wellbeing (the latter is a partial repeat of a module from round 3).

Geographic coverage
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1) European Union countries - Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom.
2) Non-European Union countries: Albania, Iceland, Israel, Kosovo, Norway, Switzerland, Russian Federation, Ukraine.

Analysis unit
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Individuals

Universe
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All persons aged 15 and over, resident within private households, regardless of their nationality, citizenship, language or legal status, in participating countries.

Kind of data
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Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure
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Sampling procedure varied by country. Please see the "Documentation Report" available in the 'Documentation' section for detailed information on how sampling was conducted in each of the 29 countries.

Mode of data collection
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Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]

Research instrument
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Albania - structured questionnaires in Albanian and Greek (5 interviews).
Belgium - structured questionnaires in Dutch, French
Bulgaria - structured questionnaires in Bulgarian
Cyprus - structured questionnaires in Greek
Czech Republic - structured questionnaires in Czech, 2 interviews in Slovak, respondent induced.
Denmark - structured questionnaires in Danish
Estonia - structured questionnaires in Estonian, Russian
Finland - structured questionnaires in Finnish, Swedish, English
France - structured questionnaires in French
Germany - structured questionnaires in German
Hungary - structured questionnaires in Hungarian
Iceland - structured questionnaires in Icelandic
Ireland - structured questionnaires in English
Israel - structured questionnaires in Hebrew, Arabic, Russian
Italy - structured questionnaires in Italian
Kosovo - structured questionnaires in Albanian, Serbian
Lithuania - structured questionnaires in Lithuanian and Russian
Netherlands - structured questionnaires in Dutch
Norway - structured questionnaires in Norwegian, English (28 interviews), Arabic (1 interview). One interview in Arabic conducted with an interpreter present.
Poland - structured questionnaires in Polish
Portugal - structured questionnaires in Portuguese
Russian Federation - structured questionnaires in Russian
Slovakia - structured questionnaires in Slovak, Hungarian
Slovenia - structured questionnaires in Slovenian
Spain - structured questionnaires in Spanish and Catalan
Sweden - structured questionnaires in Swedish
Switzerland - structured questionnaires in German/Swiss-German, French, Italian
Ukraine - structured questionnaires in Ukrainian, Russian
United Kingdom - structured questionnaires in English

Cleaning operations
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Sampling procedure varied slightly by country. Please see the "Documentation Report" available in the 'Documentation' section for detailed information on how data entry and editing was conducted in each of the 29 countries.

Response rate
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Response rate varied by country. Please see the "Documentation Report" available in the 'Documentation' section for detailed information on the response rate in each of the 29 countries.

摘要
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欧洲社会调查（ESS）是一项由学术界主导的多国调查，迄今为止已在超过30个国家进行。其三大目标包括：首先，监测和解读欧洲公众态度与价值观的变化，并探究这些变化如何与欧洲不断变迁的制度相互作用；其次，在欧洲乃至更广泛的范围内，推进并巩固跨国调查测量方法的改进；第三，开发一系列欧洲社会指标，包括态度指标。
在第六轮调查中，调查涵盖了29个国家，并采用了最严格的方法。该项目由欧盟第七框架计划、欧洲科学基金会以及各国的国家资助机构资助。
调查采用严格的随机概率抽样方法，目标最低回应率为70%，并遵循严格的翻译规范。长达一小时的面对面访谈涵盖了从先前调查轮次中重复的核心问题，以及第六轮专门开发的两个模块，分别涉及欧洲人对民主的理解与评价，以及个人和社会福祉（后者为第三轮模块的部分重复）。
地理覆盖范围
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1) 欧盟国家：比利时、保加利亚、塞浦路斯、捷克共和国、丹麦、爱沙尼亚、芬兰、法国、德国、匈牙利、爱尔兰、意大利、立陶宛、荷兰、波兰、葡萄牙、斯洛伐克、斯洛文尼亚、西班牙、瑞典、英国。
2) 非欧盟国家：阿尔巴尼亚、冰岛、以色列、科索沃、挪威、瑞士、俄罗斯联邦、乌克兰。
分析单元
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个人
总体
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所有年龄在15岁及以上、居住在私人住宅内的人员，无论其国籍、公民身份、语言或法律地位，参与国均适用。
数据类型
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样本调查数据 [ssd]
抽样程序
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抽样程序因国家而异。请参阅‘文档’部分中的‘文档报告’，以获取有关29个国家抽样方法实施细节的详细信息。
数据收集方式
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计算机辅助个人访谈 [capi]
研究工具
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阿尔巴尼亚：阿尔巴尼亚语和希腊语的标准化问卷（5次访谈）。
比利时：荷兰语和法语的标准化问卷
保加利亚：保加利亚语的标准化问卷
塞浦路斯：希腊语的标准化问卷
捷克共和国：捷克语的标准化问卷，2次斯洛伐克语访谈，受访者诱导。
丹麦：丹麦语的标准化问卷
爱沙尼亚：爱沙尼亚语和俄语的标准化问卷
芬兰：芬兰语、瑞典语、英语的标准化问卷
法国：法语的标准化问卷
德国：德语的标准化问卷
匈牙利：匈牙利的标准化问卷
冰岛：冰岛语的标准化问卷
爱尔兰：英语的标准化问卷
以色列：希伯来语、阿拉伯语、俄语的标准化问卷
意大利：意大利语的标准化问卷
科索沃：阿尔巴尼亚语和塞尔维亚语的标准化问卷
立陶宛：立陶宛语和俄语的标准化问卷
荷兰：荷兰语的标准化问卷
挪威：挪威语和英语（28次访谈），阿拉伯语（1次访谈）。一次阿拉伯语访谈在有翻译员在场的情况下进行。
波兰：波兰语的标准化问卷
葡萄牙：葡萄牙语的标准化问卷
俄罗斯联邦：俄语的标准化问卷
斯洛伐克：斯洛伐克语和匈牙利的标准化问卷
斯洛文尼亚：斯洛文尼亚语的标准化问卷
西班牙：西班牙语和加泰罗尼亚语的标准化问卷
瑞典：瑞典语的标准化问卷
瑞士：德语/瑞士德语、法语、意大利语的标准化问卷
乌克兰：乌克兰语和俄语的标准化问卷
英国：英语的标准化问卷
数据清理操作
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抽样程序略有不同。请参阅‘文档’部分中的‘文档报告’，以获取有关29个国家数据录入和编辑方法实施细节的详细信息。
回应率
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回应率因国家而异。请参阅‘文档’部分中的‘文档报告’，以获取有关29个国家回应率的详细信息。