Structural effect of pesticides on rhizosphere microbiome

Pesticide residues in the field pose significant risks to non-target organisms and their structures determine environmental behavior. However, the effects of different pesticide structures on the rhizosphere microbial functions remain unclear. Herein, we systematically investigated the structural effects of nine pesticides with three motifs, on the wheat rhizosphere microbiomes, revealing an unexpected mechanism of ecological risk accumulation. We demonstrated that the sulfonylurea motif inhibited microbial diversity and carbon fixation potential, and the carbamate motif disturbed rhizosphere community stability, both which induced the expansion of antibiotic resistance genes and virulence factors in rhizosphere. With distinct structural effects, we identified key taxa that responded to these motifs, not only having the degrading potential aim to specific pesticides but also contributing to the ecological risk accumulation in rhizosphere. Our findings provide new insights into pesticide-induced ecological risks and support the development of environmentally friendly pesticides for sustainable agriculture.