Integrated single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics analysis reveals the tumor microenvironment in patients with endometrial cancer responding to anti-PD-1 treatment

The heterogeneity and complex of immune cell components have a crucial effect on endometrial cancer progression and response to treatment. However, deciphering the neoplastic subtypes and their spatial arrangement remains a formidable challenge. Here, we combine single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) with spatial transcriptomics (ST) to identify special immune cell populations that might be involved in the important contribution to the anti-PD-1 sensitiveness of EC. Each cell is organized into discrete subpopulations, characterized by a range of distinct features, origins, and functions. These cell clusters are not only distinguished by their diversity but also arise from interplay among various subtypes. Cell number and function of CD8 cytotoxic cells and Treg cells were abnormal in anti-PD-1 patients with non-responsiveness, and we also identified several ligand-receptor associated with T cell dysfunction. Additionally, we have observed that these subclusters are distinctly localized within various tissue regions, exhibiting variations in the enrichment of immune cell types. Our findings offer valuable biological insights into emerging therapeutic targets and potential biomarkers for enhancing anti-PD-1 therapy. Case A : responders to anti-PD-1 therapy ; Case B：nonresponders to anti-PD-1 therapy