A Hybrid Framework for Eco-Resilient Infrastructure Risk Management in Emerging Maritime Economies

Ports are critical to the economic and industrial advancement of emerging economies, yet their infrastructure projects remain highly vulnerable to risk. This study investigates key risks in the Pier 207 reinforcement project at Tanjung Priok, Indonesia, aiming to identify, evaluate, and mitigate threats to project performance. Using a hybrid methodology that combines qualitative expert interviews with quantitative tools such as Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA), Risk and Control Self Assessment (RCSA), and Fault Tree Analysis (FTA), the study identifies fifteen risks and highlights three with the highest priority. These include incorrect pile depth and location (RPN = 60), material specification errors (RPN = 40), and licensing delays (RPN = 30). Quantitative assessments estimate potential financial losses of up to IDR 9.5 billion for pile misplacement alone. As a result of the risk management process, targeted mitigation programs were formulated, including strengthened supervision protocols, enhanced vendor screening, and proactive regulatory engagement. Root cause analysis reveals procedural and governance-based vulnerabilities. The integration of technical, organizational, and regulatory assessments not only contributes to the infrastructure risk literature but also supports SDG 9 and SDG 13 through sustainable and resilient project design. The study offers a replicable model for risk control applicable to similar maritime infrastructure projects globally.