Noise-Aware Optimization in Nominally Identical Measuring Systems for High-Throughput Parallel Workflows

Abstract: Device-to-device variability in experimental noise critically impacts reproducibility, especially in automated, high-throughput systems like additive manufacturing farms. While manageable in small labs, such variability can escalate into serious risks at larger scales, such as architectural 3D printing, where noise may cause structural or economic failures. This contribution presents a noise-aware decision-making algorithm that quantifies and models device-specific noise profiles to manage variability adaptively. It uses distributional analysis and pairwise divergence metrics with clustering to choose between single-device and robust multi-device Bayesian optimization strategies. Unlike conventional methods that assume homogeneous devices or generic robustness, this framework explicitly leverages inter-device differences to enhance performance, reproducibility, and efficiency. An experimental case study involving three nominally identical 3D printers (same brand, model, and close serial numbers) demonstrates reduced redundancy, lower resource usage, and improved reliability. Overall, this framework establishes a paradigm for precision- and resource-aware optimization in scalable, automated experimental platforms. This data contains 4 datasets: 3printers_Oct2024_data_noise_reformattedtasks_all.xlsx contains all the data related to the robust multi-device optimization P1_3printers_Feb2025_data_noise_reformattedtasks_all.xlsx contains all the data related to Printer 1 from single-device optimization P2_3printers_Feb2025_data_noise_reformattedtasks_all.xlsx contains all the data related to Printer 2 from single-device optimization P3_3printers_Feb2025_data_noise_reformattedtasks_all.xlsx contains all the data related to Printer 3 from single-device optimization Funding: This work was supported by the MAD2D-CM project on Two-Dimensional Disruptive Materials funded by the Community of Madrid, the Recovery, Transformation and Resilience Plan, Spain, and NextGenerationEU from the European Union.