kdr mutation frequency of the study populations and association with resistance to pyrethroid and organochlorine insecticides.

Note. The laboratory susceptible strain showed 100% mortality for the three insecticides and no kdr mutation was detected. N is the number of individuals tested. L1014F represents a mutated allele from leucine to phenylalanine at codon 1014 of the para sodium ion channel gene, L1014C is another mutated allele from leucine to cysteine, and L1014 is the wildtype allele. OR (odds ratio) tests the association between a particular mutation and resistance.*, P