THE CONNENCTION BETWEEN GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX AND ECONOMIC WELL-BEING INDEXES

We study the connection of innovation in 126 countries by different well-being indicators and whether there are differences among geographical regions with respect to innovation index score. We approach and define innovation based on Global Innovation Index (GII). The following well-being indicators were emphasized in the research: GDP per capita measured at purchasing power parity, unemployment rate, life expectancy, crude mortality rate, human development index (HDI). Innovation index score was downloaded from the joint publication of 2018 of Cornell University, INSEAD and WIPO, HDI from the website of the UN while we obtained other well-being indicators from the database of the World Bank. Non-parametric hypothesis testing, post-hoc tests and linear regression were used in the study. We concluded that there are differences among regions/continents based on GII. It is scarcely surprising that North America is the best performer followed by Europe (with significant differences among countries). Central and South Asia scored the next places with high standard deviation. The following regions with significant backwardness include North Africa, West Asia, Latin America, the Caribbean Area, Central and South Asia, and sub-Saharan Africa. Regions lagging behind have lower standard deviation, that is, they are more homogeneous therefore there are no significant differences among countries in the particular region. In the regression modelling of the Global Innovation Index, it was concluded that GDP per capita, life expectancy and human development index are significant explanatory indicators. In the multivariable regression analysis, HDI remained the only explanatory variable in the final model. It is due to the fact that there was significant multicollinearity among the explanatory variables and the HDI aggregates several non-economic indicators like GII.

本研究旨在探究126个国家的创新与各类福祉指标之间的关联，并分析不同地理区域在创新指数得分方面是否存在差异。本研究以全球创新指数（Global Innovation Index, GII）为依据界定与衡量创新。

本次研究选取的福祉指标包括：按购买力平价计算的人均国内生产总值、失业率、预期寿命、粗死亡率、人类发展指数（Human Development Index, HDI）。创新指数得分源自康奈尔大学、欧洲工商管理学院（INSEAD）与世界知识产权组织（World Intellectual Property Organization, WIPO）2018年的联合发布成果；人类发展指数数据取自联合国（UN）官网；其余福祉指标则来自世界银行（World Bank）数据库。

本研究采用非参数假设检验、事后检验以及线性回归方法开展分析。研究结果表明，基于全球创新指数得分，各区域/大洲之间存在显著差异。不出所料，北美洲表现最优，其次为欧洲（各国间得分差异显著），中南亚地区得分紧随其后，但标准差较高。以下区域则显著落后：北非、西亚、拉丁美洲及加勒比地区、中南亚以及撒哈拉以南非洲。落后区域的标准差较低，即各国内部发展更为同质，因此区域内各国间不存在显著差异。

在全球创新指数的回归建模中，研究发现人均国内生产总值、预期寿命与人类发展指数均为显著的解释指标。而在多变量回归分析中，人类发展指数最终成为最终模型中唯一的解释变量，这是由于各解释变量间存在显著的多重共线性，且人类发展指数与全球创新指数类似，均整合了多项非经济指标。