西昆仑北段木吉地区岩浆岩及稀有金属伟晶岩地球化学和年代学数据集

（1）数据包括木吉地区两种三叠纪花岗岩和锂 - 铍伟晶岩的地球化学以及铀 - 铅 - 锶 - 钕 - 铪同位素体系，试图确定它们之间的成因关系。（2）全岩主微量元素和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素在北京锆年领航实验室完成，主量元素采用 Axios max X 射线荧光光谱仪，微量元素采用四极杆电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（Q-ICP-MS）测试，主量元素测试误差小于5%，微量元素相对误差优于10%。锆石U-Pb同位素定年在中国地质大学（北京）地质过程与矿产资源国家重点实验室矿床地球化学微区分析实验室完成。铌钽铁矿U-Pb同位素定年在中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所多接收-电感耦合等离子体质谱实验室完成。（3）研究表明后续伟晶岩形成流体的出溶以及钙、钠、钾的选择性移除（导致长石矿物在远离母花岗岩的地方沉淀），应当可以解释残余熔体中的一些强烈分异特征，例如铷的富集、锶和钡的亏损以及显著的负铕异常。此外，这种由助熔剂聚集引发的碱金属选择性萃取作用使残余熔体中锂和铍的含量显著提高了三倍，这可能也是锂 - 铍伟晶岩中稀有金属富集数千倍的一个重要机制。

(1) The dataset includes geochemical data and U-Pb-Sr-Nd-Hf isotope systematics of two types of Triassic granites and Li-Be pegmatites from the Muji area, aiming to constrain their genetic relationships. (2) Whole-rock major and trace element analyses as well as Sr-Nd-Hf isotope measurements were conducted at Beijing Zircon Navigator Laboratory. Major elements were measured using an Axios max X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer, while trace elements were analyzed via quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Q-ICP-MS), with analytical uncertainties less than 5% for major elements and better than 10% for trace elements. Zircon U-Pb geochronology was performed at the Microanalytical Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry, State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing). Columbite-tantalite U-Pb geochronology was carried out at the Multi-collector Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. (3) The results indicate that fluid exsolution during the formation of the subsequent pegmatites and the selective removal of calcium, sodium, and potassium (which leads to the precipitation of feldspar minerals far from the parental granite) can explain some prominent differentiation characteristics of the residual melt, such as rubidium enrichment, strontium and barium depletion, and significant negative Eu anomalies. Furthermore, this selective extraction of alkali metals triggered by flux accumulation increased the lithium and beryllium contents in the residual melt by approximately three times, which may serve as an important mechanism for the thousand-fold enrichment of rare metals in Li-Be pegmatites.