HiWATER: Dataset of hydrometeorological observation network (an observation system of meteorological elements gradient of Sidaoqiao Superstation, 2015)

The data set contains the data of meteorological gradient observation system of sidaqiao superstation downstream of heihe hydrometeorological observation network from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2015.The station is located in the four Bridges of dalaihubu town, ejin banner, Inner Mongolia.The latitude and longitude of the observation point are 101.1374e, 42.0012n, and 873m above sea level.Air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed sensors are installed at 5m, 7m, 10m, 15m, 20m and 28m, with a total of 6 layers, facing due north.The wind sensor is installed at 15m, facing due north;The barometer is installed in the waterproof box;Dump-type rain gauge installed at 28m;The four-component radiometer is installed at 10m, facing due south;The two infrared thermometers are installed at 10m, facing due south, and the probe is facing vertically down.The two photosynthetic effective radiometers are installed at a location of 10m, facing due south, with the probes pointing vertically up and down, respectively.Part of the soil sensor is installed at 2m to the south of the tower body, in which the soil heat flow plate (self-calibration formal) (3 pieces) is successively buried at 6cm underground;The average soil temperature sensor TCAV is buried 2cm and 4cm underground.The soil temperature probe is buried at 0cm on the surface and 2cm, 4cm, 10cm, 20cm, 40cm, 80cm, 120cm and 160cm underground.The soil moisture sensors were embedded in the ground at 2cm, 4cm, 10cm, 20cm, 40cm, 80cm, 120cm and 160cm.The observation items are: wind speed (WS_5m, WS_7m, WS_10m, WS_15m, WS_20m, WS_28m) (unit: m/s), wind direction (WD_15m) (unit: degree), air temperature and humidity (Ta_5m, Ta_7m, Ta_10m, Ta_15m, Ta_20m, Ta_28m and RH_5m, RH_7m, RH_10m, RH_15m, RH_20m, RH_28m) (unit: Celsius, percentage), air pressure (Press) (unit:Hundred mpa), precipitation (Rain) (unit: mm), the radiation of four component (DR, UR, DLR_Cor, ULR_Cor, Rn) (unit: watts per square meter), the surface radiation temperature (IRT_1, IRT_2) (unit: c), up and down the photosynthetic active radiation (PAR_U_up, PAR_U_down) (unit: second micromoles/m2), the average soil temperature (TCAV) (unit: c), soil heat flux (Gs_1, Gs_2, Gs_3) (unit:W/m2), soil moisture (Ms_2cm, Ms_4cm, Ms_10cm, Ms_20cm, Ms_40cm, Ms_80cm, Ms_120cm, Ms_160cm) (unit: volume water content, percentage), soil temperature (Ts_0cm, Ts_2cm, Ts_4cm, Ts_10cm, Ts_20cm, Ts_40cm, Ts_80cm, Ts_120cm, Ts_160cm) (unit: Celsius).Processing and quality control of observation data :(1) ensure 144 data per day (every 10min). If data is missing, it will be marked by -6999;Infrared temperature 1 between February 11, 2015 and April 25, 2015 due to sensor problems, data is missing;The soil temperature of 4cm was between October 8, 2015 and October 29, 2015. Due to sensor problems, the data was missing.(2) eliminate the moments with duplicate records;(3) data that is obviously beyond the physical meaning or the range of the instrument is deleted;(4) the part marked by red letter in the data is the data in question;(5) the format of date and time is uniform, and the date and time are in the same column.For example, the time is: 2015-9-10-10:30;(6) the naming rule is: AWS+ site name.Please refer to Li et al. (2013) for hydrometeorological network or site information, and Liu et al. (2011) for observation data processing.

该数据集收录了黑河水文气象观测网络中，位于内蒙古鄂尔多斯市东胜区达拉布乌素镇四桥下游的西大其劳气象梯度观测站2015年1月1日至2015年12月31日的气象数据。观测站位于海拔873米的地理坐标为东经101.1374度、北纬42.0012度的位置。在5米、7米、10米、15米、20米和28米的高度，共设置6层，安装了空气温度、相对湿度和风速传感器，均朝正北方向。风速传感器位于15米高度，同样朝正北方向；气压计安装在防水盒内；倾斗式雨量计安装在28米高度；四分量辐射计安装在10米高度，朝向正南；两台红外温度计安装在10米高度，朝向正南，探头垂直向下；两台光合有效辐射计安装在10米高度，朝向正南，探头分别垂直上下放置。部分土壤传感器安装在距塔身南侧2米处，其中土壤热流板（自校准式）(3块)依次埋设在地下6厘米处；平均土壤温度传感器TCAV埋设在地下2厘米和4厘米处。土壤温度探头埋设在地面0厘米和地下2厘米、4厘米、10厘米、20厘米、40厘米、80厘米、120厘米及160厘米处。土壤湿度传感器埋设在地下2厘米、4厘米、10厘米、20厘米、40厘米、80厘米、120厘米及160厘米处。观测项目包括：风速（WS_5m、WS_7m、WS_10m、WS_15m、WS_20m、WS_28m）（单位：米/秒）、风向（WD_15m）（单位：度）、空气温度和湿度（Ta_5m、Ta_7m、Ta_10m、Ta_15m、Ta_20m、Ta_28m及RH_5m、RH_7m、RH_10m、RH_15m、RH_20m、RH_28m）（单位：摄氏度、百分比）、气压（Press）（单位：百帕）、降水量（Rain）（单位：毫米）、四分量辐射（DR、UR、DLR_Cor、ULR_Cor、Rn）（单位：每平方米瓦特）、地表辐射温度（IRT_1、IRT_2）（单位：摄氏度）、上下光合有效辐射（PAR_U_up、PAR_U_down）（单位：每平方米微摩尔/秒）、平均土壤温度（TCAV）（单位：摄氏度）、土壤热流（Gs_1、Gs_2、Gs_3）（单位：每平方米瓦特）、土壤湿度（Ms_2cm、Ms_4cm、Ms_10cm、Ms_20cm、Ms_40cm、Ms_80cm、Ms_120cm、Ms_160cm）（单位：体积水含量、百分比）、土壤温度（Ts_0cm、Ts_2cm、Ts_4cm、Ts_10cm、Ts_20cm、Ts_40cm、Ts_80cm、Ts_120cm、Ts_160cm）（单位：摄氏度）。观测数据处理与质量控制：（1）确保每日144条数据（每10分钟一次）。如数据缺失，则以-6999标记；2015年2月11日至4月25日，由于传感器故障，红外温度1数据缺失；2015年10月8日至10月29日，由于传感器故障，4厘米土壤温度数据缺失。（2）消除重复记录的时刻；（3）删除明显超出物理意义或仪器量程范围的数据；（4）数据中标注红色字体的部分为存疑数据；（5）日期和时间格式统一，日期和时间位于同一列。例如，时间为：2015-9-10-10:30；（6）命名规则为：AWS+站点名称。请参考Li等（2013）的研究了解水文气象网络或站点信息，以及Liu等（2011）的研究了解观测数据处理。