Digital 2D and 3D Modeling for Construction Safety Management in Thai Construction Projects

The construction industry is key to Thailand’s economy, growing consistently with both domestic and international trends. Moreover, the Thai construction industry is projected to grow by 3.0 to 4.0 percent annually from 2024 to 2026, in line with overall investment trends. However, statistical data from the Workers’ Compensation Fund show that the construction industry has consistently had the most occupational accidents, causing significant losses in life and property. Specifically, in 2019, the construction sector represented 29% of all occupational fatalities, underscoring major safety challenges. Therefore, the study focuses on the effectiveness of digital 2D and 3D modeling, including Building Information Modeling (BIM), in improving safety protocols and reducing workplace accidents. The study uses a quantitative approach to evaluate how digital 2D and 3D modeling tools impact work method development, risk assessments, safety awareness, and compliance oversight. The results demonstrate a significant positive correlation between the use of digital models and enhanced safety performance indicators, such as reduced accident rates and increased client satisfaction. The most notable improvements were observed in the areas of work method formulation and risk assessment, where digital 2D and 3D modeling provide detailed visualizations that aid in identifying potential hazards and planning safe construction practices