Social Attitudes Survey 2005 - South Africa

Abstract
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The primary objective of SASAS is to design, develop and implement a conceptually and methodologically robust study of changing social attitudes and values in South Africa to be able to carefully and consistently monitor and explain changes in attitudes amongst various socio-demographic groupings. The SASAS explores a wide range of value changes, including the distribution and shape of racial attitudes and aspirations, attitudes towards democratic and constitutional issues, and the redistribution of resources and power. Moreover, there is also an explicit interest in mapping changing attitudes towards some of the moral issues that confront and are fiercely debated in South Africa, such as gender issues, AIDS, crime and punishment, governance, and service delivery. The SASAS is intended to provide a unique long-term account of the social fabric of modern South Africa, and of how its changing political and institutional structures interact over time with changing social attitudes and values.

Geographic coverage
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National coverage

Analysis unit
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The units of analysis in the study are households and individuals

Universe
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The population under investigation includes adults aged 16 and older in private households in South Africa

Kind of data
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Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure
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Sampling Design
The South African Social Attitudes Survey has been designed to yield a representative sample of adults aged 16 and older. The sampling frame for the survey is the Human Sciences Research Council’s (HSRC) Master Sample, which was designed in 2002 and consists of 1 000 primary sampling units (PSUs). The 2001 population census enumerator areas (EAs) were used as PSUs. These PSUs were drawn, with probability proportional to size, from a pre-census 2001 list of EAs provided by Statistics South Africa.

The Master Sample excludes special institutions (such as hospitals, military camps, old age homes, school and university hostels), recreational areas, industrial areas and vacant EAs. It therefore focuses on dwelling units or visiting points as secondary sampling units, whic have been defined as ‘separate (non-vacant) residential stands, addresses, structures, flats, homesteads, etc.’.

As the basis of the 2005 SASAS round of interviewing, a sub-sample of 500 PSUs was drawn from the HSRC’s Master Sample. Three explicit stratification variables were used, namely province, geographic type and majority population group.

Within each stratum, the allocated number of PSUs was drawn using proportional to size probability sampling. In each of these drawn PSUs, two clusters of 7 dwelling units each were drawn. These 14 dwelling units in each drawn PSU were systematically grouped into two subsamples of seven, to give the two SASAS samples.

Number of units: Questionnaire 1: 2 497 cases realised from 3 500 addresses; questionnaire 2: 2 483 cases realised from 3 500 addresses; combined : 4980 cases

Mode of data collection
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Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument
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To accommodate the wide variety of topics that was included in the 2005 survey, two questionnaires were administered simultaneously. Apart from the standard set of demographic and background variables, each version of the questionnaire contained a harmonised core module that remains constant from round to round, with the aim of monitoring change and continuity in a variety of socio-economic and socio-political variables. In addition, a number of themes are accommodated on a rotational basis. This rotating element of the survey consists of two or more topic-specific modules in each round of interviewing and is directed at measuring a range of policy and academic concerns and issues that require more detailed examination at a specific point in time than the multi-topic core module would permit.

Questions for the core module were asked of both samples (3 500 respondents each – 7 000) of which 5 734 realised.

The ISSP module:
The International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) is run by a group of research organisations, each of which undertakes to field annually an agreed module of questions on a chosen topic area. SASAS 2003 represents the formalisation of South Africa's inclusion in the ISSP, the intention being to include the module in one of the SASAS questionnaires in each round of interviewing. Each module is chosen for repetition at intervals to allow comparisons both between countries (membership currently stands at 45) and over time. In 2005, the chosen subject was work orientation, and the module was carried in version 2 of the questionnaire (Qs.98-169).

The standard questionnaires dealt with democracy, identity, public services, social values, crime, voting, demographics, families and family authority
The rotating modules in the 2005 survey covered:
Questionnaire 1: Poverty and social exclusion, family life
Questionnaire 2: ISSP module (work orientation), soccer World Cup, democracy part 2

摘要
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SASAS之核心目标在于设计、研发并实施一项概念与方法上均具有坚实基础的南非社会态度与价值观变化研究，以便能够细致且连贯地监测与阐释不同社会人口群体中态度的转变。SASAS广泛探讨价值观的变化，包括种族态度和抱负的分布与形态、对民主及宪法问题的态度，以及资源与权力的再分配。此外，对南非面临的某些道德问题，如性别问题、艾滋病、犯罪与刑罚、治理与服务交付等方面的态度变化也表现出明确的兴趣。SASAS旨在提供南非现代社会社会结构的独特长期记录，及其随时间推移如何与不断变化的社会态度与价值观相互作用的阐述。
地理覆盖范围
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全国范围
分析单元
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本研究的分析单元为家庭和个人
总体
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调查对象为南非私人家庭中16岁及以上的成年人
数据类型
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样本调查数据 [ssd]
抽样程序
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抽样设计
南非社会态度调查旨在产出一个代表16岁及以上成年人的样本。调查的抽样框架为人文学科研究委员会（HSRC）的主样本，该样本于2002年设计，包含1000个一级抽样单元（PSU）。2001年的人口普查普查员区域（EA）被用作PSU。这些PSU根据2001年人口普查前的EA名单，以规模成比例的概率进行抽取。
主样本排除了特殊机构（如医院、军事营地、养老院、学校和大学宿舍等），休闲区、工业区以及空置EA。因此，它聚焦于住宅单位或访问点作为二级抽样单元，这些单元被定义为‘独立的（非空置）住宅地块、地址、建筑、公寓、宅邸等’。
作为2005年SASAS访谈轮次的基础，从HSRC的主样本中抽取了一个500个PSU的子样本。使用了三个明确的分层变量，即省份、地理类型和多数人口群体。
在每个分层中，使用规模成比例的概率抽样抽取分配的PSU数量。在每个抽取的PSU中，抽取了两个各包含7个住宅单位的集群。这些在每个抽取的PSU中的14个住宅单位被系统性地分为两个各七个的子样本，以形成两个SASAS样本。
单位数量：问卷1：从3,500个地址中实现了2,497个案例；问卷2：从3,500个地址中实现了2,483个案例；合并：4,980个案例
数据收集方式
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面对面 [f2f]
研究工具
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为了适应2005年调查中包含的广泛主题，同时实施了两个问卷。除了标准的人口统计和背景变量集外，每个问卷版本都包含一个恒定的协调核心模块，该模块在每一轮调查中保持不变，旨在监测各种社会经济和社政变量的变化与连续性。此外，一些主题以轮换的方式容纳。这项调查的轮换元素由每一轮访谈中的两个或更多特定主题模块组成，旨在测量一系列需要在不同时间点进行更详细审查的政策和学术关注点和问题，而这些多主题核心模块无法允许。
对核心模块的问题向两个样本（每个样本3,500名受访者 - 7,000名）提出，其中5,734名受访者实现了。
ISSP模块：国际社会调查项目（ISSP）由一组研究机构运行，每个机构都承诺每年对选定主题领域的一个协议模块进行实地调查。SASAS 2003代表了南非正式加入ISSP，意图是将该模块纳入每一轮访谈的SASAS问卷中。每个模块的选择是为了在间隔期间重复，以便在国家和时间上进行比较。2005年选择的主题是工作取向，该模块在问卷的第二版（Qs.98-169）中实施。
标准问卷涉及民主、身份、公共服务、社会价值观、犯罪、投票、人口统计、家庭和家庭权威。
2005年调查中的轮换模块包括：
问卷1：贫困与社会排斥、家庭生活
问卷2：ISSP模块（工作取向）、世界杯足球赛、民主第二部分