Revision of Campylosiphon Benth. (Burmanniaceae), with new combinations and a new species described

Campylosiphon (Burmanniaceae), a genus with two fully mycoheterotrophic species distributed in the tropics of South America and West Africa, is extended to two Asian species with “wingless” flowers. Specifically, Burmannia championii and B. densiflora, were transferred to Campylosiphon, and a Campylosiphon species new to science was described from Guizhou, China, supported by both morphological comparative analyses and molecular phylogeny inference. We revealed that the genus Campylosiphon can be characterized by five morphological aspects. With the revised circumscription, Campylosiphon becomes the third genus in Burmanniaceae with a pantropical distribution pattern. We also reported that two Campylosiphon species have advanced degraded plastomes and lost all protein-coding genes for photosynthesis., ImageJ v1.53k (Schneide et al., 2012) was used to measure the length of perianth tube and pedicel of Burmannia aptera, B. championii, B. congesta and B. densiflora. Based on both the perianth tube and pedicel length, we classified these three lineages into seven groups, viz., (1) Burmannia aptera (two sheets of type specimen), (2) Burmannia congesta (four specimen sheets), (3) Burmannia densiflora (four specimen sheets), (4) B. championii (one collection and one photo recorded from Guangdong, China and type of Burmannia dalzielii Rendle (one specimen sheet) and types of B.championii (six specimen sheets), and type of Burmannia chionatha Schltr. (one specimen sheet)), (5) Burmannia tuberosa Becc. (two sheets of type specimens), (6) collections identified as B. championii recorded in Java, Indonesia (four specimen sheets) and (7) collections identified as B. championii recorded in the Western Ghats, India (two specimen sheets). The values of the aforementioned two morphological traits wer...,