Características de indígenas submetidos a tratamento de câncer no Brasil – um estudo a partir de dados secundários do Sistema Único de Saúde

Trata-se de um estudo baseado em dados secundários, disponíveis no DATASUS, que tem por objetivo a análise dos tratamentos oncológicos oferecidos à população indígena no SUS. Utilizei as informações fornecidas pelas Autorizações de Procedimentos de Alta Complexidade (APAC) para obter dados sobre os procedimentos de quimioterapia e de radioterapia, e, para obter informações sobre as cirurgias oncológicas, utilizei os dados oriundos das Autorizações de Internação Hospitalar (AIH). Além disso, para obter um panorama sobre os tratamentos como um todo, utilizei os dados disponibilizados pelo Registro Hospitalar de Câncer (RHC). (en) Indigenous individuals encounter various barriers to access health services, more so for cancer care. Paucity of epidemiological data results in difficulties for the development of public policies and strategic actions to make services adequate for specific demands of these populations. This study aimed to describe the scenario of cancer treatment for indigenous patients in SUS. High-complexity authorizations (APAC) were analized for surgery (AIH), chemotherapy (APAC-quimio) and radiotherapy (APAC-radio), as well as hospital cancer registries (RHC), available in the Brazilian health information systems, from January 2010 to December 2019. Completeness of data was assessed and, with available data, sociodemographic, clinical and geographical profiles were drawn. Additionally, a mapping of cancer treatment origin-destination flows was carried out, to assess geographical accessibility to treatment. Overall frequency of cancer registers for indigenous individuals was <0,1% in ten years. Surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy registers had same profile regarding incompleteness of data. The race/color variable presented 80% completeness in AIH, APAC-quimio and APAC-radio but only 33% in RHC. The majority of indigenous patients was of women, with a median age of 53 and residing in the North and Northeast regions of Brazil. Most treated cancers were related to breast, prostate and uterine topographies. There were significant differences (p<0.05) when indigenous and non-indigenous individuals were compared for staging and purpose of treatment. Destination flows for access to treatment showed average distances of 85,1 km for chemotherapy procedures to 129,1 km for radiotherapy. Proportion of incompleteness of race/color variable was considered hazardous. Geographic distribution of registers is discordant to distribution of indigenous people in the territory. Destination flows of indigenous patients in cancer treatment shows the need for better planning of treatment availability for this population segment in SUS.