microSWIFT Ocean Surface Wave Data, in NHCI: Hurricane Helene 2024 - Observations

These observational datasets were taken as Hurricane Helene (2024) made landfall along the Florida Panhandle. The data was collected, created or utilized for the NOPP Hurricane Coastal Impacts (NHCI) program. Hurricane Helene originated from the Central American Gyre, and formed into a cyclone at 1200 UTC 23 September, and designated as Tropical Storm Helene on 1200 UTC 24 September. For the next 30 h Helene steadily intensified as it moved through the Yucatan channel and into the southern Gulf, reaching an intensity of 70 kt at 1800 UTC 25 September. From Moskaitis et al. (2025): “A subsequent re-organization of the inner core temporarily brought intensification to a halt (and expanded the outer wind field), but as the new inner core became better defined and the radius of maximum winds contracted, Helene rapidly intensified. During this time the storm accelerated to the NNE, quickly moving across the eastern Gulf to landfall 10 n mi SW of Perry, FL (along the Big Bend coast) at 0310 UTC 27 September 2024.” Helene had a maximum 120 kt wind intensity, and was moving at 27 kts, bringing catastrophic flooding to the Southern Apalachians. Large storm surge inundation varied from 3-5 ft at Tampa bay to 12-16 ft in the Big Bend region of Florida. This observational dataset for Hurricane Helene includes measurements from observational wave buoys: A-size Directional Wave Spectra Drifters (A-DWSDs), microSWIFT buoys, and Spotter buoys, as well as nearshore sensors and remotely sensed satellite measurements. The wave buoys and nearshore sensors were deployed 1-2 days prior to the hurricane landfall. A full description of the storm, observations, and model assets are found in the NHCI Data and Storm Catalog: Moskaitis, J., R. Luettich, J. Thomson, M. Bilskie, J. Davis, j. veeramony, Z. Cobell, D. White, R. de Goede, A. van Dongeren, M. Schonau, C. Sherwood, J. Brown, M. Amini, N. Mumtaz, J. Dietrich, I. Houghton, R. Romeiser, J. Doyle, D. Gesch, A. Clark, S. Fraser, S. Beninati, L. Centurioni, G. de Boer, P. Smit, D. Cox, M. Olabarrieta, J. Warner, S. Klepac, A. Subgranon (2025). NHCI: NOPP Hurricane Coastal Impacts. DesignSafe-CI. https://doi.org/10.17603/ds2-y6nc-p158.

本观测数据集采集于2024年飓风海伦（Hurricane Helene）沿佛罗里达狭长地带登陆期间，由北太平洋海洋伙伴计划（National Ocean Partnership Program, NOPP）飓风海岸影响（Hurricane Coastal Impacts, NHCI）项目收集、创建并利用。
飓风海伦起源于中美洲涡旋，于世界协调时9月23日12:00发展为气旋，并于世界协调时9月24日12:00被命名为热带风暴海伦。随后30小时内，海伦在穿越尤卡坦海峡进入墨西哥湾南部期间稳步增强，并于世界协调时9月25日18:00达到70节的强度。
根据Moskaitis等人（2025）的研究：“风暴内核随后的重组暂时中止了增强过程（并扩大了外围风场），但当新的内核结构愈发清晰、最大风速半径缩小时，海伦迅速增强。此期间风暴向东北偏北方向加速移动，快速横穿墨西哥湾东部，并于世界协调时2024年9月27日03:10在佛罗里达州佩里西南10海里（沿大弯曲海岸）登陆。”
海伦的最大风速达120节，移动速度为27节，给阿巴拉契亚南部区域带来了灾难性洪水。本次风暴的风暴潮淹没范围与高度差异显著：坦帕湾区域的淹没高度为3至5英尺，佛罗里达大弯曲地区则达到12至16英尺。
本飓风海伦观测数据集包含多类观测设备的测量数据：A型定向波谱漂流浮标（A-size Directional Wave Spectra Drifters, A-DWSDs）、微型SWIFT浮标（microSWIFT buoys）、Spotter浮标，以及近岸传感器与遥感卫星观测数据。上述浮标与近岸传感器均在飓风登陆前1至2天完成布放。
关于本次风暴、观测数据与模型资源的完整说明，请参见NHCI数据与风暴目录：Moskaitis, J., R. Luettich, J. Thomson, M. Bilskie, J. Davis, J. Veeramony, Z. Cobell, D. White, R. de Goede, A. van Dongeren, M. Schonau, C. Sherwood, J. Brown, M. Amini, N. Mumtaz, J. Dietrich, I. Houghton, R. Romeiser, J. Doyle, D. Gesch, A. Clark, S. Fraser, S. Beninati, L. Centurioni, G. de Boer, P. Smit, D. Cox, M. Olabarrieta, J. Warner, S. Klepac, A. Subgranon (2025). NHCI: NOPP Hurricane Coastal Impacts. DesignSafe-CI. https://doi.org/10.17603/ds2-y6nc-p158.

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集是NOPP飓风沿海影响（NHCI）计划的一部分，专注于2024年飓风海伦登陆佛罗里达州潘汉德尔期间的海洋表面波浪观测。数据来源于多种观测设备，包括microSWIFT浮标、近岸传感器和卫星测量，部署于飓风登陆前1-2天，用于记录飓风期间的波浪动态和风暴影响，如高达120节的风速和严重洪水。