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SERPING1 is secreted

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reactome.org2025-01-22 收录
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The plasma protease C1-inhibitor (C1-INH, SERPING1)) like all extracellular serine proteinase inhibitors (serpins) is secreted via the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi pathway (Pan S et al. 2011). SERPING1 (C1-INH) is produced mainly in hepatocytes, reaching in healthy individuals a plasma concentration of 0.21–0.39 g/l (Prandini MH et al. 1986; Wouters D et al. 2008). SERPING1 can be produced and secreted from other cell types like peripheral blood monocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells (Katz Y & Strunk RC 1989; Schmaier AH et al. 1989; Prada AE et al. 1998). SERPING1 is highly glycosylated plasma protein, bearing both N- and O-glycans (Stavenhagen K et al. 2018). SERPING1 belongs to the serine protease inhibitor (serpin) superfamily of structurally similar but functionally diverse proteins that use a conformational change to inhibit target enzymes (Silverman GA et al. 2001; Gettins PG 2002; Law RH et al. 2006). Serpins are globular proteins with a conserved structure of 7- 9 α-helices and 3 β-pleated sheets and a protruding reactive center loop (RCL) (Silverman GA et al. 2001; Gettins PG 2002; Law RH et al. 2006; Sanrattana W et al. 2019). In native serpins, the RCL, located outside the tertiary core of the serpin, forms a flexible stretch of approximately 20 amino acids, which provides structural flexibility in a solvent-exposed environment. They act on their target proteases by means of a suicide-substrate mechanism involving the cleavage of the RCL and its insertion into β-sheet A (Gettins PG 2002; Pan S et al. 2011; Khan MS et al. 2011). As a result, conformational changes take place in the serpins that ultimately trap and inactivate the targeted protease (Gettins PG 2002; Pan S et al. 2011; Khan MS et al. 2011; Sanrattana W et al. 2019). Serpins are conformationally labile and many of the disease-linked mutations of serpins result in misfolding or in formation of inactive, pathogenic polymers (Law RH et al. 2006). Under normal physiological conditions, SERPING1 (C1-INH) inhibits the activated forms of the serine proteases involved in the complement pathway (C1r and C1s), the contact system (FXIIa, FXIa, and kallikrein) as well as fibrinolytic proteases such as plasmin, tPA, and uPA (Sim et al. 1979; Arlaud et al. 1979; Kaplan AP & Ghebrehiwet B 2010).

浆细胞蛋白酶C1抑制因子(C1-INH,SERPING1)如同所有细胞外丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂(丝氨酸蛋白酶)一样,通过内质网(ER)-高尔基体途径(Pan S 等,2011年)分泌。SERPING1(C1-INH)主要在肝细胞中产生,在健康个体中,其血浆浓度为0.21–0.39 g/l(Prandini MH 等,1986年;Wouters D 等,2008年)。SERPING1还可由其他细胞类型如外周血单核细胞、成纤维细胞和内皮细胞产生和分泌(Katz Y 与 Strunk RC,1989年;Schmaier AH 等,1989年;Prada AE 等,1998年)。SERPING1是一种高度糖基化的血浆蛋白,含有N-和O-糖基(Stavenhagen K 等,2018年)。SERPING1属于结构相似但功能多样的丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂(serpin)超家族,该家族蛋白通过构象变化抑制靶酶(Silverman GA 等,2001年;Gettins PG,2002年;Law RH 等,2006年)。丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂是球状蛋白,具有保守的结构,由7-9个α螺旋和3个β折叠片构成,并带有突出的反应中心环(RCL)(Silverman GA 等,2001年;Gettins PG,2002年;Law RH 等,2006年;Sanrattana W 等,2019年)。在原初的丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂中,位于蛋白三级核心外部的RCL形成约20个氨基酸的柔性伸展,在溶剂暴露的环境中提供结构上的灵活性。它们通过自杀底物机制作用于靶蛋白酶,涉及RCL的切割及其插入β-折叠片A(Gettins PG,2002年;Pan S 等,2011年;Khan MS 等,2011年)。因此,丝氨酸蛋白酶发生构象变化,最终捕获并失活靶蛋白酶(Gettins PG,2002年;Pan S 等,2011年;Khan MS 等,2011年;Sanrattana W 等,2019年)。丝氨酸蛋白酶构象不稳定,许多与疾病相关的丝氨酸蛋白酶突变导致错误折叠或形成无活性、致病的多聚体(Law RH 等,2006年)。在正常生理条件下,SERPING1(C1-INH)抑制补体途径中涉及的丝氨酸蛋白酶的活化形式(C1r和C1s)、接触系统(FXIIa、FXIa和激肽酶)以及纤溶蛋白酶如纤溶酶、tPA和uPA(Sim 等,1979年;Arlaud 等,1979年;Kaplan AP 与 Ghebrehiwet B,2010年)。
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