Daytime and Nighttime LST Trends in the Pacific Northwest Using a Space-Time Cube across Diverse Climate Types

This study analyzes Land Surface Temperature (LST) trends across 13 distinct climate types in the Pacific Northwest region of North America, using MODIS LST data validated with weather station observations. Weather station data were obtained from the Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN) of NOAA’s National Climatic Data Center (https://www.ncei.noaa.gov) and include daily maximum and minimum air temperature records spanning 2002 to 2023. Additionally, monthly daytime and nighttime LST data were derived from MODIS products (MOD21C3) onboard the Terra satellite for the same period (2002–2023) and accessed through the Google Earth Engine data catalog (https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/datasets/catalog/MODIS_061_MOD21C3).