Model outputs of eight African lion incidence function models.

Male and female models were calculated separately as they used different alpha values (male and female maximum (Max) and average (Avg) observed dispersal distances). Additional models were calculated with (+) and without (−) human density (H) as a covariate, added to both male and female models using both average and maximum dispersal distances. To discern model fit, human density coefficient with standard error (SE), residual deviance, residual degree of freedom and Akaike’s Information Criteria (AIC) are reported for each model. Model parameters reported: a stochasticity parameter reported with standard error; e, the intrinsic extinction rate; y’, the colonizing ability; and a measure of connectivity , reported as an average for each model with standard deviation.