Systematic Review of the Effects of Second Responder Programs, 1992-2007

The purpose of this systematic review was to compile and synthesize published and unpublished empirical studies of the effects of second responder programs on repeat incidents of family violence. The researchers employed multiple strategies to search for literature that met the eligibility criteria. A keyword search was performed on a variety of online databases. Researchers reviewed the bibliographies of all second responder studies they located. Researchers performed hand searches of leading journals in the field and searched the Department of Justice Office of Violence Against Women Web site for a listing of federally-funded second responded programs and any evaluations conducted on those programs. A total of 22 studies that discussed second responder programs were found by the research team. Of these, 12 were eliminated from the sample because they did not meet the inclusion criteria, leaving a final sample of 10 studies. After collecting an electronic or paper copy of each article or report, researchers extracted pertinent data from each eligible article using a detailed coding protocol. Two main outcome measures were available for a sufficient number of studies to permit meta-analysis. One outcome was based on police data (Part 1: Police Data, n=9), for example whether a new domestic violence incident was reported to the police in the form of a crime report within six months of the triggering incident. The second outcome was based on survey data (Part 2: Interview Data, n=8), for example whether a new domestic violence incident occurred and was reported to a researcher during an interview within six months of the triggering incident. Several of studies (n=7) included in the meta-analysis had both outcome measures.

本次系统综述旨在汇编并综合已发表及未发表的实证研究，探讨第二响应者计划对家庭暴力重复发生事件的影响。研究人员采用多种策略搜寻符合纳入标准的文献。对多种在线数据库进行了关键词搜索。研究人员查阅了所有找到的第二响应者研究的参考文献。研究人员对领域内的主要期刊进行了手工检索，并在司法部暴力侵害妇女办公室网站上搜寻联邦资助的第二响应者计划及其评估。研究团队共发现涉及第二响应者计划的22项研究。其中，12项因不符合纳入标准而被剔除，最终样本量为10项研究。在收集到每篇文章或报告的电子版或纸质版后，研究人员利用详细的编码协议从每篇符合资格的文章中提取相关数据。足够数量的研究提供了两个主要结果指标，以允许进行荟萃分析。一个结果基于警方数据（第一部分：警方数据，n=9），例如是否在触发事件六个月内以犯罪报告的形式向警方报告了新的家庭暴力事件。第二个结果基于调查数据（第二部分：访谈数据，n=8），例如是否在触发事件六个月内发生新的家庭暴力事件，并在访谈期间向研究人员报告。荟萃分析中包含的几项研究（n=7）同时采用了这两个结果指标。