Quality assessment of the studies included in meta-analysis.

Symbol ✓ indicates the measure was adequately addressed in the study; NR = not report; NA = not applicable.aStudies received a ✓ if the sample included all eligible HIV-negative men over a defined time period and defined area, or a random or systematic sample of those men (e.g., RDS);bStudies received a ✓ if the sample size was 456 or more which is the sample size required to estimate the incidence given α = 0.05, δ = 0.02, and expected rate = 5%.cStudies received a ✓ if the percentage participation was 80% or more;dStudies received a ✓ if the outcome (HIV infection) was based on blinded laboratory testing;eStudies received a ✓ if the percentage participants in the final analysis was 80% or more for cross-sectional studies;fStudies received a ✓ if the percentage participants under successful retention when the outcome was evaluated was 70% or more for cohort studies;gStudies received a ✓ if the follow-up duration was 6-month or more for cohort studies;hStudies received a ✓ if the identification of STI was based on laboratory testing rather than self-report.i(1) and (2) represent different studies from the same article.j(1) and (2) represent two different articles from the same first author.