Safe Handling and Release Guidelines for Manta and Devil Rays (Mobulid Species)
收藏NOAA Institutional Repository2026-02-03 更新2026-04-25 收录
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https://doi.org/10.25923/7360-9128
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资源简介：
Manta rays and devil rays (Mobulidae) are a family of batoids that are highly mobile, circumglobal in range, broadly distributed, highly fragmented, and routinely cross international boundaries. The life history and ecological traits of mobulid species make them inherently vulnerable to overexploitation. Devil and manta rays have long gestation periods (Marshall and Bennett, 2010), and are thought to produce a single pup every one to three years (Notarbartolo di Sciara, 1988; Compagno and Last, 1999; Homma et al., 1999, Marshall and Bennett, 2010 Couturier et al., 2012). Their rate of intrinsic population increase is among the lowest of all elasmobranch species (Dulvy et al., 2014; Pardo et al., 2016).
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NOAA
创建时间：
2026-02-03
