Bacillus subtilis LN077 Enhances Growth Performance and Immune Function in Goats by Modulating Rumen Microbiota and Metabolites

With the transition from grazing to stall-feeding due to overgrazing and pasture limitations, antibiotics are often overused in intensive goat farming to control diseases and promote growth. However, this practice contradicts the concept of antibiotic-free livestock production. Therefore, effective alternatives are urgently needed to reduce antibiotic usage while ensuring healthy growth.