Temperature drives the evolutionary diversification of male harm in Drosophila melanogaster flies

Sexual selection often leads to sexual conflict via pre-copulatory (harassment) and/or copulatory (traumatic insemination) male harm to females, impacting population growth, adaptation and evolutionary rescue. Male harm mechanisms are diverse and taxonomically widespread, but we largely ignore what ecological factors modulate their diversification.  Here, we conducted experimental evolution under low- (20±4ºC), moderate- (24±4ºC) and high-temperature (28±4ºC) regimes in Drosophila melanogaster, a species with male harm via harassment and seminal fluid proteins (SFPs), to show that temperature drives the divergent evolution of sexual conflict. At the low-temperature regime, evolution resulted in reduced and less plastic harassment (i.e. pre-copulatory harm) while, at the high-temperature regime, it was characterized by responses in the seminal proteome driven by differential expression of SFPs.  Our results suggest that temperature can be key to understand the past diversificat..., , , # Temperature drives the evolutionary diversification of male harm in Drosophila melanogaster flies

[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.7sqv9s51x](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.7sqv9s51x)

## Description of the data and file structure

### Files and variables

#### File: DataBase\_EEL\_Londoño-Nieto\_et\_al\_2024.xlsx

**Description:** This data file is used for analyses of: Reproductive success, survival, behavioural, PCA and proteomics analyses

##### Variables

* \"EEL\" informs of average temperature of experimental evolution regime (20, 24, or 28ºC).

- \"Replica\" informs of replica of experimental evolution treatment (A to L)
- \"Temp\" informs of temperature treatments (20, 24 or 28°C)
- \"M_system\" informs of mating system tratments (Monogamy or Polyandry).
- \"Adaptive_temp\" informs if temperature treatment was part of the thermal regime of experimental evolution (Yes/No).
- \"Lifespan\" is the absolute lifetime of each focal female with a maximun of 47,5 days.
- \"Event\" informs if the data...