Table A3

Model fit and parameter estimates for analyses of discrete traits. For phylogenetic signal, the D value was calculated (D < 0 indicates stronger phylogenetic signal than a Brownian motion model; D = 0 indicates Brownian motion; D = 1 indicates random, non-phylogenetic distribution of states among taxa). Significant P-values associated with a given model indicate that the model is rejected. For discrete traits, the first state listed in the column header is state 0, and subsequent states are state 1 or state 2. The value q is the transition rate between the two states (ancestral state on the left, derived state on the right). Bayes factors (BF), taking phylogenetic uncertainty into account, were estimated based on twice the difference between the highest harmonic mean log likelihood for each model (ER, equal rates; SYM, symmetric rates; ARD, all rates different), calculated from nine independent MCMC runs for each model. Interpretation of Bayes factors is as follows: 0 to 2 barely worth mentioning, 2 to 6 positive, 6 to 10 strong, >10 very strong (Kass and Raftery 1995).