Environmental and calcification data for widespread scope for coral adaptation under combined ocean warming and acidification

Reef-building coral populations are at serious risk of collapse due to the combined effects of ocean warming and acidification. However, many corals show potential to adapt to changing ocean conditions. Here, we examine the broad sense heritability (H2) of coral calcification rates across an ecologically and phylogenetically diverse sampling of eight of the primary reef-building corals across the Indo-Pacific. We show that all eight species exhibit relatively high heritability of calcification rates under combined warming and acidification (0.23-0.56). Further, tolerance to each factor is positively correlated, and the two factors do not interact in most species, contrary to the idea of tradeoffs between temperature and pH sensitivity. All eight species can co-evolve tolerance to elevated temperature and reduced pH. Using these values together with historical data, we estimate potential increases in thermal tolerance of 1.0-1.7 °C over the next 50 years, depending on species. None of th..., Coral collection: Corals were collected using a hammer and chisel at 2±1 m depth from a total of six locations around O‘ahu, Hawai‘i (Fig. 1). Each species was collected from 3-5 of the sites, depending on their local abundances and sizes, for a total of 22 colonies of *Montipora flabellata* and 30 colonies (genets) of the remaining seven species. The eight species examined in this study were *Montipora capitata*, *Montipora flabellata*, *Montipora patula*, *Porites compressa*, *Porites evermanni*, *Porites lobata*, *Pocillopora acuta*, and *Pocillopora meandrina*.
After collection, corals were returned to the Hawai‘i Institute of Marine Biology (HIMB) on Moku o Lo‘e (Coconut Island), fragmented into 4-12 replicate nubbins (3-5 cm coral fragments, referred to as ‘ramets’) using a diamond-coated band saw, individually attached to a labeled ceramic tile using cyanoacrylate gel, and allowed to recover for 2.5 months in a common garden under present-day average temperature for O‘ahu and amb..., , # Widespread scope for coral adaptation under combined ocean warming and acidification

[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.kwh70rzdc](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.kwh70rzdc)

## Description of the data and file structure

Included are seawater temperature data collected near O‘ahu, Hawai‘i, as well as pH data collected at Station ALOHA, north of O‘ahu. Also we include temperature and pH data from the experiment and calcification data for the corals. We have also provided the R code for all data visualization and analyses.

### Files and variables

#### File: Heritability\_2.0\_code.R

**Description:** R code for visualization and analyses.

#### File: Koko\_Head\_and\_IGOSS\_temp\_combined.xlsx

**Description:** Seawater temperature measured near O'ahu since 1970.

##### Variables

* *Date.combined*: Date of the combined Koko Head and IGOSS temperature datasets.
* *Day.since.1970*: Number of days since January 1, 1970.
* *Temp.combined*: Temperature data for combined Koko Head and IGOSS da...