High-resolution multimodal microclimate dataset: thermal, radiative and physiological measurements of a mature linden tree (tilia cordata)

Multi-sensor microclimate dataset from a mature urban linden tree (Tilia cordata) collected over 72 hours in June 2025 near Grünstadt, Germany. The dataset includes atmospheric parameters (T, RH, pressure), broadband radiation components (SWin, SWout, LWin, LWout), high-resolution spatial illuminance mapping (48 ground sensors), leaf surface temperatures (6 thermal cameras), tree transpiration (sap flow), sky imagery (14,670 fisheye photos), and 3D canopy structure (terrestrial LiDAR, ~29 million raw and ~9 million cleaned points). The data were collected using professional-grade instruments (Campbell Scientific CR1000/CS215-L, Apogee SN-500, FLIR E6 Pro) and cost-effective microcontroller platforms (ESP32-based sensors). The low-cost sensors were validated against professional reference instruments, demonstrating an R² >0.99 for air temperature and strong radiative agreement, confirming low-cost sensor viability for distributed monitoring networks. All files are available in open formats (CSV, LAS 1.4, JPG) with full calibration documentation and metadata. They are designed to support model validation, sensor intercomparison, and development of budget-conscious monitoring strategies in urban environmental research.A detailed description of the measurement campaign and a technical validation can be found in the following paper: Data Descriptor Tilia Cordata Scientific Data Nature