IMPMCT: A Dataset of Integrated Multi-source Polar Meso-Cyclone Tracks

Short description IMPMCT combines vortices tracking algorithms from ERA5 reanalysis with deep learning-based detection of cyclonic cloud features in Advanced Very High-Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) infrared imagery, while incorporating near-surface wind matching by Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) and Quick Scatterometer (QUIKSCAT) measurements. The dataset contains 1,184 vortices tracks, 16,630 cyclonic cloud features, and 4373 wind speed records, with multi-dimensional attributes such as cloud morphology, core wind speed, and environmental advection wind speed. - Temporal Coverage**: February 2001 – April 2024. - Spatial Coverage**: 50–85°N, 40°W–80°E. Dataset Structure 1、cyclone_IR_images - Contains 1,185 subfolders named by cyclone IDs (matching track IDs). - Each subfolder stores infrared images of cyclonic cloud features. - These images are generated in the same way as the VCI image (see arcticle),but are centered on cyclone centers, with wind vectors overlaid when available. - Naming convention: `{ID}_{step}.png` (e.g., `11_3.png`), where step denotes the temporal sequence. - Brightness temperature mapped to grayscale (210–280 K), wind speed mapped to 0–25 m/s (examples in auxiliary folder). 2、auxiliary_information Color mapping examples - Mapping_of_brightness_temperature_to_grayscale.png - Wind_speed_mapping.png Vortex evolution logs - split_IDs.txt: IDs of vortices formed via splitting. - merge_IDs.txt: IDs of vortices terminated via merging. - merge_example.png、split_example.png (illustrating merging/splitting processes). 3、Data Tables ERA5_tracks.xlsx Variables Abbreviations Units Notes ID ID Track identifier Longitude lon °E/°W Vortex center longitude Latitude lat °N Vortex center latitude Time time UTC Timestamp of track point Smoothed relative vorticity at 850hPa ζ_smth850 10^-4 s^-1 850 hPa relative vorticity uniformly smoothed over a 60 km radius at the vortex center Vorticity equivalent radius r km Equivalent circular radius of the vortex area Sea level pressure center value slp hPa Minimum sea-level pressure within 150km of the vort center Sea level pressure center longitude slp_lon °E /°W Longitude of the matched SLP minimum cente Sea level pressure center latitude slp_lat °N Latitude of the matched SLP minimum center note:The track with ID 399 differs by 3 time steps, which is connected in the cloud image but disconnected in ERA5 data cyclone_infos.xlsx Variables Abbreviations Units Notes ID ID Track identifier (corresponds to vortex track) Sequence number step Cyclone image step at temporal sequence Longitude lon °E/°W Cyclone center longitude Latitude lat °N Cyclone center latitude AVHRR scanning time time UTC Average time of AVHRR scanning within 50km of the cyclone center Width of bounding box width km Shorter side of the oriented bounding box circumscribing the cyclone Length of bounding box length km Longer side of the oriented bounding box circumscribing the cyclone AVHRR satellite AVHRR_satellite Satellite used to draw the AVHRR infrared image Scatterometer scanning time wind_time UTC Average time of wind scatterometer scanning within 50km of the cyclone center Maximum near-surface wind speed associated with the cyclone max_wind m/s Maximum near-surface wind speed within a short search radius of the cyclone center Environmental advection near-surface wind speed env_wind m/s 75th percentile of near-surface wind speed within a long search radius of the cyclone center Effective ratio of wind speed valid_fraction Proportion of available wind speed data within a short search radius