OpenWPM Crawls

印度正在经历激烈的政治党派和宗派分歧。据我们所知，本文对印度在线新闻媒体进行了有关跟踪和党派关系的首次全面分析。我们建立了一个103的数据集在线，主要是主流新闻网站。在两位专家的帮助下，以及来自无国界记者媒体所有权监视器的数据，我们根据这些网站的党派立场 (左，右或中心) 对其进行标记。我们研究并比较这些站点上的用户跟踪与不同的指标: cookie数量，cookie同步，设备指纹识别和基于不可见像素的跟踪。我们发现，与右倾网站相比，左侧和中心网站提供更多的cookie。然而，通过cookie同步，更多的用户id，在左网站比右或中心同步。左右使用画布指纹识别类似，而中心则较少使用。在中心倾斜的网站中，基于不可见像素的跟踪50% 比右侧更强烈，25% 比左侧更强烈。新闻网站的桌面版本比移动网站提供更多的cookie。在这项研究中，少数第三方正在跟踪大多数网站的用户。本文通过演示强烈的网络跟踪，对研究访问印度党派新闻网站的用户的整体隐私具有重要意义。

India is currently experiencing intense political party and sectarian divides. To the best of our knowledge, this paper presents the first comprehensive analysis of online news media in India regarding user tracking and partisan affiliation. We curated an online dataset of 103 primarily mainstream news websites. With the assistance of two domain experts and data from the Reporters Without Borders (RSF) Media Ownership Monitor, we labeled these websites based on their partisan stances: left-leaning, right-leaning, or centrist. We investigated and compared user tracking across these sites using four distinct metrics: number of cookies, cookie synchronization, device fingerprinting, and invisible pixel-based tracking. We found that left-leaning and centrist websites serve more cookies than right-leaning sites. However, regarding cookie synchronization, more user IDs are synced across left-leaning sites than right-leaning or centrist ones. Left-leaning and right-leaning sites exhibit similar levels of canvas fingerprinting usage, while centrist sites use it less frequently. For centrist-leaning sites, invisible pixel-based tracking is 50% more intensive than on right-leaning sites and 25% more intensive than on left-leaning sites. Desktop versions of news websites serve more cookies than their mobile counterparts. In this study, a small number of third parties track users across the majority of the included websites. This paper, by demonstrating the prevalence of aggressive web tracking, holds significant implications for research on the overall privacy of users accessing India's partisan news websites.

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

OpenWPM Crawls数据集包含103个印度主流新闻网站，基于党派立场（左、右、中心）进行标记，用于分析用户跟踪行为，如cookie数量、同步、指纹识别和不可见像素跟踪。研究发现左倾和中心网站提供更多cookie，但左网站有更高cookie同步率，中心网站指纹识别较少，桌面版本比移动网站跟踪更强烈，少数第三方主导跟踪，对用户隐私研究有重要意义。该数据集由伦敦国王学院、萨里大学和Telefonica Research于2021年发布。