A Site Atmospheric State Best Estimate of Temperature for Lauder, New Zealand (1997-2012)

A Site Atmospheric State Best Estimate (SASBE) of the temperature profile above the GCOS (Global Climate Observing System) Reference Upper-Air Network (GRUAN) site at Lauder, New Zealand, has been developed. Data from multiple sources are combined within the SASBE to generate a high temporal resolution data set that includes an estimate of the uncertainty on every value. The SASBE has been developed to enhance the value of measurements made at the distributed GRUAN site at Lauder and Invercargill (about 180 km apart), and to demonstrate a methodology which can be adapted to other distributed sites.

Within GRUAN, a distributed site consists of a cluster of instruments at different locations.
The temperature SASBE combines measurements from radiosondes and automatic weather stations at Lauder and Invercargill, and ERA5 reanalysis, which is used to calculate a diurnal temperature cycle to which the SASBE converges in the absence of any measurements.
The SASBE provides hourly temperature profiles at 16 pressure levels between the surface and 10 hPa for the years 1997 to 2012. Every temperature value has an associated uncertainty which is calculated by propagating the measurement uncertainties, the ERA5 ensemble SDs, and the ERA5 representativeness uncertainty through the retrieval chain.

This best-estimate temperature data product for Lauder is expected to be valuable for satellite and model validation as measurements of atmospheric essential climate variables are sparse in the Southern Hemisphere.

A publication describing the data product is submitted to Earth System Science Data Discussions. The title of the publication is: Combining Data from the Distributed GRUAN Site
Lauder-Invercargill, New Zealand, to Provide a Site Atmospheric State Best Estimate of Temperature.