Specific parameters and values used in the SpecNet algorithm.

Parameter ld is the proportion of links in the networks, γ controls the degree of aggregation between nodes, σ is the standard deviation of dispersal kernel where D = 100√2 is the diagonal of the landscape, Fsf regulates the probability of connections between regular nodes and focal nodes, and F is the amount of focal nodes in the networks. Other parameter values used in the network-generating process were as follows: number of nodes (N) = 500, matrix size (Lsize) = 100×100, and kurtosis (κ) = 10/3.